12 



Tlius the attack may be distinguished from that of the Red Bud 

 Caterpillar of Tmctocera { = He(Jija) occUana, or Eye-spotted Bud Moth, 

 of wliicb an account will be found in the preceding paper. In this 

 case (that of T. ocellana), though the caterpillars at times tunnel along 

 the centre of the shoot, they work in the opening leaf- and fruit-buds, 

 and presently tie the central leaves and Howers together with silken 

 web, in which they turn to the chrysalis state; in summer, it is stated, 

 the newly-hatched caterpillars may be found feeding on the lower side 

 of the leaves. 



It is said by Heineman that the caterpillars of L. atra live in 

 autumn in the fruit of Crataegus; and Stainton * also says, — "Larva 

 in hawthorn berries in September ; the black variety in budding shoots 

 of Apple in February and March." 



Prevention and Eemedies. — These appear solely to consist in 

 cutting off ends of twigs where, by the withering away of the Apple 

 blossoms, the presence of the attack is observable, and burning these, 

 so as to destroy the infestation within before it has passed to the moth 

 condition, and can fly abroad to set new mischief on foot. 



Small Ermine Moth 



Hyponomeuta padella, Linn. 



Hyponomeuta padella. — Small Ermine Apple Moth, caterpillar, and cocoons, 

 life size ; and caterpillar, much magnified. 



Amongst the leafage attacks regarding which inquiries were sent 

 in the course of the past season were those of the caterpillars of the 

 " Small Ermine Moth," which have been so often referred to before 

 that it would not be necessary to notice them again, but for a successful 

 method of getting rid of them on no less a scale than when stripping 

 the leaves of seventy yards of a Hawthorn hedge having been com- 

 municated to me too late for insertion in my ' Handbook.' 



* Stainton's ' Manual of Butterflies and Moths,' vol. ii. p. 398. 



