6 APPLE. 



much resemble in size and general appearance, as well as date of 

 appearance in the spring, and likewise by the presence of the attack 

 in the spring being noticeable by the fading state of the blossoms and 

 buds and the withering of the leaves. 



But though, like the Pith Moth caterpillar, that of the Eye-spotted 

 Bud Moth sometimes burrows a little way within a shoot, its attack 

 is altogetber of a much more external kind, — that is, as a definite 

 injury to buds, also to blossoms and the accompanying leaves, and 

 spinning them together ; and further on in the season, by attack to 

 leafage, of which they feed on the tissues and skin of (usually) the 

 lowest side. 



The only account which I have received of injury from this Tmeto- 

 cera ocellana \\\ this country was given me in 1889 ''' by Mr. Oliver E. 

 Janson, when, early in May, he noticed the unhealthy appearance of 

 many Apple trees in orchards and gardens in the neighbourhood of 

 Hornsey (near London), and as he afterwards found some dwarf Apple 

 trees in a garden conveniently situated for observation similarly 

 affected, he " examined these more closely, and found the young 

 leaves remaining stunted and shrivelled, instead of fully expanding ; 

 and towards the middle of the month all of the young shoots, many of 

 them just showing blossom, began to droop and wither, and by the 

 end of the month every young shoot had withered." 



Various points of the observations agreed equally with descriptions 

 of method and signs of infestation of both the Pith Moth and the 

 Eye-spotted Bud Moth, and such turned out to be the case. 



On June 8th the first moth appeared from a quantity of infested 

 shoots which Mr. Janson had cut off and secured in glass jars under 

 fine gauze coverings, and proved to be Tmetocera [ = Hcthju) ocellana, 

 the Eye-spotted Bud Moth, and of this the moths continued to emerge 

 in great numbers up to the 20th of the month. 



"A few days later, and on till the middle of July, a considerable 

 number of specimens of another moth, the lAtverna atra (one of the 

 Tineina), also emerged from the same shoots." 



Of this infestation I have given an account in the following paper. 

 It appears to have been very little written upon ; but the Tmetocera 

 has been the subject of much observation. So long ago as 1837 an 

 account of its habits as a European fruit pest were given by Schmid- 

 berger in Kollar's ' Insects ' ; a short paper was given on it by Prof. 

 W. Saunders, Director of the Experimental Farms of Canada, in his 

 very useful volume entitled ' Insects Injurious to Fruits ' ; but it was 

 not until more recently tbat the infestation was very fully entered on 

 from his personal observations by Dr. J. Fletcher, Entomologist of 

 the Dominion of Canada ; and more recently still, with great minute- 



* See my Thirteenth Annual 'Report of Injurious Insects ' for 1889, pp. 81-84. 



