50 



FOREST FLIES. 



dressings (and very especially of hot soap and water), a thorough use 

 of the broom, and good shakings of all things which serve as resting- 

 places for domestic animals, and throwing all gathered-up sweepings 

 into the fire, will go far to keep the dwelling-house free of these 

 disturbing pests. 



FOREST FLIES. 



Forest Fly; Spider Fly; Forester. Hippobosca equina, hum. 



HiPPOBOscA equina: 1 and 2, iialuiul bize and magnified from life; 3, pupa 

 removed from egg-lilie puparium (after Keaumur). Puparium, natural size and 

 magnified, before complete colouration. 



The Forest Fly is referred to again this year relatively to observa- 

 tions having been contributed of its presence, to an extent to cause 

 serious inconvenience, in a district of Glamorganshire and the adjacent 

 part of Brecknockshire, thus adding a new locality to those previously 

 known to be infested. 



Up to the year 1895, when the circumstance of the autumn military 

 manoevres having been arranged to take place in the New Forest in 

 Hampshire drew considerable attention to annoyances which might 

 occur from this exceptionally troublesome horse pest, this fly was 

 considered, except (I believe) some report of its presence in Dorsetshire, 

 to be wholly confined in this country to the New Forest or its vicinity. 



So far back as the year 1781 this species was recorded as being 

 found in great numbers in the New Forest, and as being a great pest 

 to horses and cattle ; and the " New Forest Fly " has been one of its 

 special names. Specimens from the New Forest, and likewise from 

 Dorsetshire, are in the entomological collections in the British Mu- 

 seum of Natural History, South Kensington ; and in 1895 I received 

 specimens from the valley between Beddgelert and Portmadoc in North 



