120 RASPBERRY. [1899 



again in 1891, in which latter year it was present at a good many 

 Enghsh localities, and also near Glasgow and near Crieff in Scotland. 



In the past season I had some slight mention of the infestation 

 being present at Loughborough and at Rugby in England, but notes 

 were also sent me from Carluke, Co. Lanark, N.B., of the Raspberry 

 growers in that district being so greatly troubled by the appearance of 

 the caterpillar in their plantations, and the damage being caused by it 

 to the buds on the canes, that some further observations on the life- 

 history of the infestation appear to be needed. 



The commencement of the life-history of this infestation doex not 

 take jiUtce when the mischief from it (as above) is first noticed, but in 

 ihe prccedinij summer. The moths lay their eggs in the "receptacle" 

 of the open Raspberry flower, the eggs being deposited about their own 

 width below the surface of the receptacle." There the maggots or 

 caterpillars hatch, and feed in the gradually forming white fleshy 

 "receptacle" until the Raspberry is ripe, when they are full-fed, and 

 leave their feeding ground. This may either happen by tlieir simply 

 going away, or by boring an exit-hole out at the base by the footstalk. 

 They then go down to the stool of the plant, and spin a little round 

 flat white silk cocoon, not much more than the twelfth of an inch in 

 diameter, in which they pass the winter. 



TJiis is the first part of the life-history, which is seldom noticed, 

 because the presence of the little caterpillars in the white "receptacle" 

 does not appear to interfere with the development or with the ripening 

 of the fruit, and the above points — that is, the locality where the moth 

 (which is known to be common in June) Jai/s her e<j(js, and where the 

 young caterpillars feed until they shelter for the winter — were, I 

 believe, unknown (or only vaguely and in very small part noted) until 

 observed and recorded in 1891 by Dr. T. A. Chapman, of Hereford.! 



With the following spring the second part of the attack bet/ ins : the 

 little caterpillars come out from their cocoons, and mount the canes, 

 and proceed to attack the buds and do mischief, but with some variety 

 in the method of their operations. When the attack is in progress, 

 the maggots (larvse) may be found crawling on the canes, and some 

 emerging from the buds (to renew attack at pleasure), also some of the 

 buds may be found burrowed from base to top, and some with a maggot 

 still within them. As the attack, or rather as the season, advances 

 yoiini/ shouts will be found failing from the presence of the pest within, 

 so that I have had notes of shoots failing up to the extent of ten to 



* The "receptacle" may be generally described as the central part of the 

 Raspberry tiower, which in due time enlarges into a white somewhat cone-shaped 

 mass occupying the centre of the Easpberry fruit. 



t See " The Oviposition and Autumnal Larva of Lampronia ritbiello,'' by Dr. 

 T. A. Chapman, in ' The Entomologist's Magazine ' for June, 1891, p. 169. 



