1899] APPLE. 139 



of attack the brown colour of the injured and spun-up leaves is a guide 

 to the nature of the mischief that is going forwards. 



The caterpillars continue to feed for about six or seven weeks, and 

 when full grown, when they are about half an inch long and slightly 

 hairy, spin up a shelter of one or more leaves or pieces of injured 

 leaves, which they line with silk, and in their separate "nests " they 

 turn to chrysalis state, from which, so far as noticed with us, the 

 moths come out between June 8th and 20th. 



The little moths are only about half an inch or rather more in the 

 expanse of the fore wings, and are of a general ashy grey colour, with 

 a broad white band or blotch across the fore wings, whence the name 

 of the "Eye-spot" Bud Moth. Egg-laying is considered to begin, on 

 the leaves, in about three or four days, and hatching to take place in 

 rather more than a week afterwards, when the caterpillars proceed to 

 feed on the leaves (commonly on the under side), and, before the fall 

 of the leaves, desert them (as above mentioned), and, removing to the 

 twigs, spin their winter cases. 



The best method of prevention is breaking o£f and burning the 

 bunches of destroyed and spun-up leafage and buds ; but if this attack 

 has really become prevalent, it can be very easily recognized by the 

 above description, and I would gladly attend to any enquiries sent 

 with specimens of the injury. (See ' Keport of Observations of 

 Injurious Insects ' for 1889, pp. 81-84 ; and for 1898, pp. 5-9.) 



BEECH. 



Beech-bark Felt-scale. Cryptococcus fagi, Baerensprung. 



This infestation appears in the shape of a white felt-like or flocculent 

 coating, to be found on bark of Beech trees, sometimes as a mere film, 

 but characteristically in a coating up to as much or more than an 

 eighth of an inch in thickness, formed of aggregations of white 

 irregular lumps, giving the general appearance of rough lumpy white- 

 wash having been thrown at the tree, and sometimes protruding 

 through small cracks in the bark. 



Within this soft white matter the little Coccids may be found 

 numerously present, lying sometimes singly, sometimes several near 

 together. They are soft-bodied, of some shade of yellow varying from 

 pale to reddish yellow, and so exceedingly small (not being at the 

 largest size as much as half a line in length) that their details are not 

 observable by the naked eye. With a good magnifier the females will 

 be seen to be almost circular in shape, with markings on the fore-part 

 of the abdomen hardly discernible ; antennae a mere stump ; first and 

 second pairs of legs wanting, and the third pair merely a papillar 



