86 RASPBERRY. [1900 



" I visited some of the Raspberry plantations in the spring, when 

 the cau.es appeared as if they had suftered severely from frost, and 

 numbers of the little scarlet maggots were found in the faded shoots. 

 About the first and second week in June I again visited these grounds, 

 and noticed large numbers of the very small moths flying about the 

 canes while they were in flower. The Raspberry canes in this neigh- 

 bourhood suffer every year, more or less, from these attacks. The 

 usual remedies have been advised. I have also noticed other attacks 

 in other parts of Yorkshire, but none so serious as this." — (A. G.) 



The mischievous part of this attack is begun in spring by the little 

 caterpillars which have passed the winter spun up in little round flat 

 white silken cocoons, not nuich more than the twelfth of an inch in 

 diameter, piercing into the young buds, which are thus sometimes 

 destroyed, or otherwise becomes noticeable by the fading of the young 

 shoots which have been injured, though not wholly destroyed, by the 

 larval attack. 



These Raspberry-bud caterpillars are about a quarter of an inch 

 long (for figure, see p. 85), of some shade of red, and with black head 

 and black mark on the next segment, and are furnished with three 

 pairs of black claw-feet, four pairs of sucker-feet, and a fifth pair at 

 the end of the tail. When examined through a magnifying glass, it 

 will be seen that there is a pale line down the centre of the black 

 head, and that the black mark on the next segment is composed of a 

 pair of double spots. 



About the end of April the caterpillars may be found in the 

 Raspberry buds — many may be found emerging — and on cutting off 

 buds for examination, many may be found with a burrow from the 

 base to the tip, showing where the caterpillar has been, and many with 

 the caterpillar still inside at the base. Besides these (and which is a 

 very important point practically), many caterpillars may be found 

 crawling on the Raspberry canes. Tnis circumstance of the cater- 

 pillars emerging at pleasure to renew attacks on other buds near has 

 been noticed by several special observers. 



As the attack advances, the i/ounci shoots fail from the mischief 

 caused by the presence of the caterpillar, and (as mentioned in the 

 communication given above) have almost the appearance of being 

 frost bitten ; and at this stage nothing can be done to check the then 

 present ravage, exceptu)g, of course, breaking off the shoot and de- 

 stroying it if the caterpillar is still within. (I have had a note or two 

 of the caterpillar eating its way into the cane itself, but I have never 

 myself seen examples of this method of attack.) 



About May 18th the caterpillars may be found beginning to spin 

 up in the buds and change to chrysalis state. A specimen sent me 

 spun up in web in the bud was tawny, or reddish yellow, on as much 



