1900] HASPBKHIiY STKM-KUl) OAIK.KPI IJ.AIi. 87 



of the back, from the head onwiirds, as was visible. Tlie wings were 

 folded beneath it, and were yellowish; the abdomen was of a full pink. 

 The moth is to be seen in June. This is a very small creature. The 

 expanse of the wings is a little under half an inch ; the head ochrey 

 grey, with yellowish face. Tlie fore wings shiny, with a brown ground 

 marked with yellow dots and spots, of which two are very noticeable 

 on the hinder edge, and there are four smaller spots on the casta or 

 fore edge. The hinder wings brown with paler fringes. 



The above information was, I believe, all that was definitely known 

 of the life-history until the important points as to where the moihs 

 lay their eggs, and where the young caterpillars feed, and how they 

 shelter for the winter, was observed and recorded in 1891 by Dr. 

 T. A. Chapman, of Hereford. These are given in full in the paper 

 referred to below,* and extracts also, duly acknowledged, in my notice 

 of L. rubiella at p. 94 of my Annual Report for 1891, and p. 209 of my 

 'Insects Injurious to Orchard and Bush Fruits'; therefore just a few 

 words of the main points of this part of the history are sufficient 

 here. 



Dr. Chapman observed that the egg of L. rubiella is laid when the 

 Raspberry is in blossom, the moth selecting an open flower, and the 

 egg being inserted just beneath the surface of the " receptacle " — that 

 is, of the central part of the flower which afterwards grows into the 

 conical white portion on which tlie Raspberry fruit is placed. Here 

 (in this fleshy white receptacle), wlien the Ras{)berry fruit is ripe, the 

 L. rubiella, or Stem-bud Caterpillar, is to be found ready to quit it. 

 This may either be done by simply coming out and crawling away, or 

 by boring a way out at the base of the foot-stalk of the fruit, and the 

 caterpillar then spins itself a little white cocoon (as described at 

 p. 86), by preference apparently at the stool of the plant, from 

 whence it comes out in the spring to begin the attack we know only 

 too well. 



Prevention and Remedies. — No notes have yet been given of any 

 attempts at winter or spring treatment, when the infestation is lying 

 in quiet state in cocoon, or subsequently appearing on the canes. But 

 it would appear worth while to try the effect of throwing dressings of 

 ashes, or sand, or dry earth, mixed with paraffin, well amongst the 

 stools. In the proportion of one quart of the paraffin oil to one 

 bushel of the dry material, the application did no harm at all to the 

 young shoots of seven hundred Hop plants coming up through it in 

 experimental treatment relatively to prevention of Hop Aphides. It 

 might well be hoped that the presence of the application might do 



* See " The Oviposition and Autumnal Larvae of Lainpronia rubiella," by Di. 

 T. A. Chapman, in the 'Entomologists' Magazine' for June, 1891, p. 169. 



