1900] sheep's nostril fly. 98 



of the passages communicating with the back of the mouth, it may be 

 supposed such was the case. Also the presence of the maggots in 

 the windpipe may have had something to do with the smothering in 

 washing. 



The power of rapid movement in these maggots when advanced in 

 growth is very remarkable. In my own observations I have found 

 that it would be as quickly as from three and a half to four and a half 

 inches in a minute when the maggot was placed on a cloth. When 

 placed on the hand I found, both by feeling and sight, that it helped 

 itself on by fixing its black mouth-hooks into the skin with a firm 

 pressure, and with its tail apparatus it propelled the body forward, 

 thus alternately dragging and pushing itself onward. 



There seems no reason to doubt the possibility of the maggots 

 being sometimes found in localities accessible from the nostrils ; but, 

 at the same time, in some instances they may simply have fallen there 

 quite accidentally in the operation of cutting up the sheep. 



One special sign of the presence of the maggot in an advanced 

 stage of the attack is a catarrhal discharge from the nose, which is 

 stated to be at first " clear and serous, then thick and mucous. 

 Frequently there is sneezing and snorting ; . . . from time to time 

 they stagger and are seized with vertigo, but do not turn in a circle. 

 In severer cases there is difficulty of breathing, the first respiratory 

 passages being obstructed by the larvae or the inflammation of the 

 mucous membrane " (C. C). 



The fact of the nostril maggot-infested sheep not turning in a circle 

 is one very important point whereby to distinguish this attack from 

 the so-called " Gid," or staggers, produced by presence of the hydatid 

 Ccenurus cerebral is (the early state of the Tapeworm of the Dog), in 

 which the affected sheep does turn, but has 7iot the symptoms of nasal 

 discharge, or snorting. 



Prevention and Remedies. — These do not come within my own 

 personal observation. In case fumigations or nasal injections should 

 be thought desirable (althougli benefit from their application appears 

 a very hopeless matter), these would require veterinary assistance. 

 Recipes and methods of application will be found in veterinary 

 publications. 



Where maggot presence is found only on one side of the nose, an 

 operation is sometimes performed called trephining. An opening is 

 made with an instrument called a trephine into the frontal sinus (one 

 of the passages to which the maggots can creep from the lower part of 

 the nostrils), and through this opening some of the maggots may be 

 observable, and may be picked out with forceps, and to kill others 

 benzine diluted with water has been used. But beyond all doubt, 



