lOfi SHORT NOTICES. FIPOO 



distorted shoots sent, then containing caterpillars and chrysalids and 

 the moths, some of which developed before July 19th, and in good 

 succession afterwards, I was able to make a thorough investigation of 

 the attack. 



The main points of the infestation and its effects are that the little 

 reddish moths appear towards the end of June, or in July, and in the 

 dusk of the evening they swarm about the tops of the Pine trees which 

 they infest, and are said to be mostly found on trees of from ten to 

 fourteen years old. After pairing, the females lay their eggs singly 

 between the buds at the end of the shoot ; caterpillars hatch from 

 these eggs towards the later part of summer ; these are of a dirty 

 brown colour, with head and next ring black ; and from the gnawings 

 of these grubs a flow of rosin results, which to some degree coats over 

 the injured bud. Here the caterpillars pass the winter, and in spring 

 they often attack the neit/hboiiring shoots or one side of them, especially 

 under the shelter of the reshums exudation and the spmi loeb. 



The result of the attack is (in one form ) the growth of a number 

 of small more or less deformed shoots taking the place of what should 

 have been the leader either of the tree or of the affected bough, and 

 thus giving a " besom-like " bunch of shoots round the destroyed bud. 

 Or it may be that the injured shoots assume a distinctly elbowed <jrowth. 

 They may very likely not be killed, and the shoots may turn up again 

 and grow on in the right direction, but an angle — a kind of step, so to 

 say — will have been established, and the stem consequently be crooked. 



From this very peculiar form of growth, the name of "Post Horn" 

 attack is given to the infestation in Germany. The presence of the 

 mischief is noticeable not only from the distorted growth of the shoots, 

 or the superabundance of small weak shoots taking the place of what 

 should have been one, or a very few strongly developed growths, but 

 also by the unhealthy and stunted state of the leaves on the part of 

 shoot above the locality of the injury. Sometimes the part above the 

 caterpillar-workings was covered with brown or pale com}iletehj stunted 

 leaves, or with scales representing them ; that is to say, buds containing 

 the leaves which had not freed themselves from their sheaths, and 

 which lay completely clothing the shoot (like tiles on a roof), each 

 scale little more, in most cases, than about a quarter of an inch in 

 length, and to the number of about one hundred on about two inches 

 length of shoot. The stunted growth might vary in degree : on one 

 shoot, for instance, the leaves being about half an inch long at the 

 lower part, and gradually becoming smaller and more closely pressed 

 together, until towards the end of the shoot they were mere short 

 scale-like growths, almost flatly pressed one on the other. 



The chrysalis state to which most of the caterpillars sent me early 

 in June had turned (in the bundle of shoots sent me from Woburn) 



