94 CORN AND GRASS. 
round different kinds of trees, but does not appear to be credited with 
doing much harm in beetle state.* 
In their grub or larval state the four above-mentioned kinds of 
chafers are much alike, excepting in difference of size when full-grown 
(see figures).{ (That of the Summer Chafer is not given on account 
of its similarity to that of the Cockchafer.) They are fleshy, whitish 
or yellowish grubs; somewhat cylindrical until near the tail, which is 
enlarged to a kind of blunt bag-like shape, and is of a bluish colour 
from the enclosed excrementitious matter. The head is large and 
horny, and armed with strong jaws; and the grubs are furnished with 
a pair of very noticeable legs on each of the three segments next to 
the head. 
All the four kinds of larve (or grubs) are so very much alike in 
their first stages, that I believe it is impossible for any one but an 
expert to distinguish certainly between them. After a time they are 
distinguishable (in a general way) by their respective sizes; but for 
practical purposes it may, I believe, be safely considered that where a 
great infestation of some special kind of chafer-beetle has been noticed 
on special fields, that the chafer-grubs found on that spot are the pro- 
geny of the preceding beetles. This may seem too obvious to need 
pointing out; but I have known pseudo-scientific investigation come 
to a very inaccurate conclusion for want of a little attention to the 
above considerations. 
The grubs of the above-mentioned kinds of chafers feed much at 
grass-roots, but are by no means wholly confined in their ravages to 
grass-land. The Cockchafer grubs may be found at roots of various 
field-crops, fruit-trees, as Apple, Plum, &c., and even at Larch-roots; 
and the Golden Chafer grub is especially injurious to Strawberry-roots, 
and is also to be found in ants’-nests. 
The Golden Chafer, sometimes known as the Green Rose Chafer, 
Cetonia aurata, Linn., figured at p. 23, is of a bright metallic green or 
golden green above ; coppery, with a rose tint, below; the wing-cases 
are punctate, and marked with spots or streaks of white or ochreous 
colour, so placed as often to look like cracks across the metallic green 
of the wing-case. The horns are ended by a club much like that of 
the Cockchafer (see figure, p. 30), excepting that it has only three 
leaves or plates, whereas that of the Cockchafer has seven plates in 
the male, and six inthe female. The wingsare large and membranous, 
of a brownish colour, with horny veins; and when the beetles are seen 
* Vide Kaltenbach’s ‘ Pflanzenfeinde,’ p. 86. 
+ In ‘British Coleoptera,’ by Canon W. W. Fowler, it is observed at page 50, 
vol. iv. :—‘‘ The larva of Rhizotrogus appears very closely to resemble that of Melo: 
lontha, and does not need a separate description.” 
