82 CORN AND GRASS. 
Specimens captured towards the end of the time of flight of the chafers 
are often bare. 
After three or four weeks, up to the end of July, the young larve 
come out, and feed in the same manner as Cockchafer grubs; they go 
down deeper for their winter sleep. Next spring they come out again, 
change their skins for the last time at the beginning of May, and are 
more voracious, and consequently more destructive, than they were 
previously. 
About the end of the month above-named they go into chrysalis 
state. The chafers appear from the middle of June to the middle of 
July; and in German observations are stated to feed, amongst other 
things, on Fir-leaves, and the infestation has been noted in one district 
as mischievous in autumn at the roots of young Rye. 
Observations of this chafer in grub state have never been sent me; 
but the above notes taken from Dr. Taschenberg’s ‘ Praktische Insek- 
ten-Kunde’ may be useful for reference. 
In regard to methods of prevention and remedy, these have been 
fully entered on previously. But it may be just mentioned that with 
regard to getting rid of the beetles, the most practicable plan (in this 
country) appears to be shaking them or beating them down at whatever 
time of day, or in whatever kind of weather, they are most sluggish, 
and destroying them. 
For the grubs,—if there is a possibility of turning them up to the 
surface from the depths they have gone down to in winter, it would be 
a thoroughly good treatment. Other measures, such as turning on 
pigs, or poultry, are more or less useful, and also taking care that the 
larger wild birds which follow the plough on infested land are not 
disturbed. 
Spotted Crane Fly. Tipula (Pachyrrhina) maculosa, Hoffmansegg.* 
The leather-jacket grubs of the Daddy Longlegs, or Crane Flies, 
are one of our yearly farm troubles. The common Daddy Longlegs, 
Tipula oleracea, has been so repeatedly written on for fully scores of 
years, that it cannot be desirable to say more about it, excepting that 
whilst preventive and remedial measures which would certainly lessen 
amount of loss from its ravages in ordinary farm service are well 
before the public, and only need to be acted on to do much good, yet 
* Figures of Tipula oleracea in all its stages will be found in Reports on injuri- 
ous insects by Ed. noted further on, and in many others of the set; and figure of 
T. maculosa in Report for 1879, p. 10. 
