68 ORCHARD CATERPILLARS, 
washing or spraying with applications that make their food poisonous 
to them, or so obnoxious to them that they will not feed on it. 
For this purpose spraying with Paris-green holds the first place as 
an application of certain benefit, if applied according to the methods 
which have been carefully worked out as to strength, &e. London- 
purple, which is also an arsenical preparation, is also (in proportions 
fixed) very serviceable. For those who object to such amount of risk 
as may arise from careless application of poisonous mixture, the use 
of ‘‘ Kerosene Emulsion”’ is thoroughly to be recommended; or for 
those who have not the knack (or do not desire the trouble) of mixing 
the sap and kerosene of the emulsion so that they are permanently 
blended, the composition sold under the trade-name of ‘ Anti-pest ” 
by Messrs. Morris, Little & Son, Doncaster, will probably do all that 
is required. ‘This composition is very similar in the nature of its 
ingredients to the ‘‘ Kerosene Emulsion,” but being ready mixed, and 
only needing diluting, it saves trouble, and is much safer for the leaf- 
age than imperfectly blended emulsion, in which the separated mineral 
oil may do a great deal of damage. 
There are other mixtures sold more or less serviceable, of which 
those I know best are the compounds prepared by Messrs. Stott, 
one of which, sold under the trade-name of “ Kill’mright,’’ I have had 
well reported of. This, I believe (but am not certain), has Paris-green 
added to a basis of soft-soap, and therefore it would be likely to be 
serviceable, both by poisoning the food, as in the case of caterpillars, 
or by choking up the breathing-pores, as with Aphides and other 
insects which it is not easy to poison by dressing their food, as they 
pierce through the outer surface to get it from beneath with their 
suckers. ‘I'he serviceableness of soft-soap in this class of attacks has 
long been shown by the use of soft-soap washes for Hop Aphis. 
In regard to recipes.—One for use of London-purple will be found 
at p. 48; the proportions and metho of application of Paris-green 
will be found in my own short pamphlet on its use, which I am 
permitted to say met the approval of the late Prof. C. V. Riley, 
Kntomologist of the Department of Agriculture of the United States, 
as containing a plain and correct statement of all the points necessary 
to be known for orchard service. This I have copies of still, and shall 
be happy to send to any applicant. For the kerosene and soap emul- 
sion there are various recipes; probably the following—which I copy 
from a useful little pamphlet on insecticides, sprayers, &c., published 
by the Deming Co., Salem, U.S.A.—will be found very serviceable, as 
it appends special details regarding use of different kinds of soap, and 
advice as to management of different kinds of water :— 
“The Kerosene and Soap Emulsion.—This is made after the follow- 
ing formula: kerosene two gallons, soap half-a-pound, water one gallon, 
