TIMBERMAN BEETLE. 71 
flying across the glades of the Black Forest, with its long appen- 
dages streaming behind. It loves to settle on felled Pine-logs, 
with its antenne spread out like compasses; from which habit it 
is termed by the Highlanders ‘ Timberman,’ a name curiously enough 
also applied to it in Lapland and Sweden, where it is commen. If 
two males come within range they inevitably fight, for which reason, 
and also on account of their delicate structure, it is difficult to obtain 
quite perfect specimens. 
‘The larva makes wide galleries and perforations in Pine-stumps, 
forming a nidus, with coarse gnawed fragments near the surface, in 
which it changes to pupa. In this state the antenne are turned 
downwards, and recurved towards the middle of the head. The larva 
appears to be full-fed at the beginning of the summer, and, after 
remaining two or three weeks in the pupa-state, changes to the per- 
fect state; staying as such in its nest until the following summer.’’— 
(HK. C. BR.) 
Excepting at the locality where the ‘‘Timberman”’ is mentioned 
by Mr. Rye as ‘“‘not uncommonly” seen, it appears to be rarely met 
with in this country; but on the Continent it is to be found in great 
numbers. 
Dr. Altum observes “that after hybernation it swarms on warm 
days in the early spring in forest clearings, where it flies about the 
stack-wood and stems. Sometimes it also winters in pupal state.” 
Kaltenbach states that according to various observers this beetle is 
common in Pine- and Fir-wood, and that he had himself taken thirty 
in one morning in a wood-yard about Pine-wood. 
Dr. E. L. Taschenberg observes that the Astynomus edilis, L., has 
in the case of the male the longest antenne which are known to occur 
in any European kind. He also notes that it lives in larval state 
under Pine- and Fir-bark, often perforating the wood of the fallen 
stems.* 
From the habit of the grubs of this beetle of feeding in the wood, 
as well as under the bark of felled Pine-timber, it cannot be looked on 
as a wholly harmless infestation, and if it should be found to occur in 
any observable numbers at any locality, it would be well to guard 
against its increase ; just as with the Sirev, the Great ‘‘ Wood Wasp,” 
which not very many years ago was looked on as only a rare insect and 
not worth attending to, because it might be supposed only to damage 
sickly or felled timber, and now it has become a regular Pine pest in 
various places here, and its presence has spread onwards injuriously 
into Ireland. 
* The above references are taken from: ‘Forst-Zoologie,’ yon Dr. Bernard 
Altum, vol. iii., ‘“Insecten,” p. 306; ‘Die Pflanzenfeinde,’ von J. H. Kaltenbach, 
p. 690; and ‘Praktische Insekten-Kunde,’ von Dr. KE. L. Taschenberg, pt. ii., p. 25(, 
