74 PINE. 
especially under the shelter of the resinous exudation and their spun 
web. 
The result of the infestation is sometimes the growth of a number 
of small more or less deformed shoots taking the place of what should 
have been the leader, either to the young tree, or the affected bough, 
and thus giving a ‘“ besom-like’”’ bunch of shoots round the destroyed 
terminal bud. Or very frequently the injured shoots assume a dis- 
_ tinctly elbowed growth, as shown in my figure at p. 73, drawn from 
specimens sent me by Mr. R. Gough. The shoot may very possibly 
not be killed, and will in course of growth turn up again and resume 
the right direction; but a bent angle at the side that does not grow 
will have been established, and will cause a crooked stem. 
Some of the shoots from Woburn showed the elbowed growth 
characteristic of this attack very plainly. The shoots of which the 
growth had been checked elbowed sharply to one side, and then, after 
a somewhat horizontal growth, or slightly downward inclination for an 
inch or two, turned up again, and continued an upright but diseased 
growth; the shoot thus having formed two elbows. 
In some instances the whole part above the infestation was so 
checked in development as merely to be covered with brown or pale 
completely stunted leaves, or scales representing them, ¢. e., buds con- 
taining the leaves which had not freed themselves from their sheaths, 
and lay imbricated to the amount of about one hundred on about two 
inches length of shoot; and in some the leaves, in their unnaturally 
close development, were produced up to about a third of their natural 
length. 
Some of the chrysalids were, on June 17th, lying in the dead parts 
of the destroyed shoot, or in the chamber of web and exudation 
outside it.* 
These I found to be extremely lively when laid in the hand. The 
colour was of a yellowish-brown, darker towards the thorax; and the 
head, and part covering the wings, dark. ‘The abdominal segments 
lighter below, and at the base of seven of them up to the caudal seg- 
ment a very narrow band on the upper part and sides of either very 
minute prickles, or minute prickle-like tubercles. These tubercles, or 
prickles, formed a line across the segment about a quarter of its width 
* Scarcely any of the caterpillars remained unchanged; the two or three 
which were visible were of the yellowish tint they assume before maturity. When 
young they are of a darkish brown; when full-grown they are about an inch long, 
with small shining black head; the next segment black or blackish-brown above, 
with some very fine white lines; and the tail also blackish. They are to be found, 
according to Taschenberg, from September until May of the following year between 
the buds of the Fir, and later on in the young shoots; and they turn to chrysalids 
at the spot where they ceased to feed. 
