78 PLUM. 
with the powder (frass), the results of the feeding of the grub, the per- 
foration was very likely not noticeable ; but later on, when the beetles 
had developed and emerged, the minute shot-like holes into the wood 
were as observable as those through the bark, and were sprinkled in 
such numbers over the surface of the samples of Plum-branches sent 
me, that I counted sixty perforations at least in a space of one inch in 
width by two in length, the short tunnel varying in depth from about 
the sixteenth to over the eighth of an inch, and often entering the 
wood in a slightly slanting direction. 
According to Dr. Taschenberg, the development of the beetles from 
the first laid eggs is completed by the end of June. This agrees with 
the state of the specimens sent me by Mr. Newstead. Of these he 
mentioned, on the 18th of June, that (so far) he had only been able to 
obtain three larve and one pupa. This certainly must have been 
referable to the grubs having left their tunnels and gone down into 
the wood, for on June 21st I found the beetles had been developing 
numerously. The dust which had dropped from their workings 
induced me to make a careful examination as to what had been going 
on, and at first only a few of the beetles were noticeable in the box ; 
but on moving the pieces of infested branches, I found numbers of 
them were present, running about fast and actively. 
In the case of Canon Schmidberger’s observations, the larvee con- 
tinued feeding until late in the autumn, the beetles from these coming 
out in the next year; and it does not seem absolutely certain whether 
there are customarily two broods in the year. Where the beetles, 
however, come out in June, it is entirely presumable that it is the 
erubs from the eggs of these that furnish the beetles which come out 
in the following spring, and start attack as mentioned above. 
The Plum-branches sent me (which were destroyed by the severity 
of the attack) were from a small size up to as much as four and a half 
and five and a half inches in circumference. I do not find notes of 
attack of the beetle to tree-trunks, nor does it appear to be likely, as 
the grubs live much in the soft inner part of the bark, and they would 
not find the nourishment requisite, excepting in comparatively young 
branches, or where, as in Canon Schmidberger’s experiments, the trees 
were still so small that they were grown in pots.* 
PREVENTION AND Remepy.—Mr. Newstead mentioned that he had 
advised burning infested trees, and this probably is the very best 
method of prevention. He also mentioned that as an experiment he 
* For various works to which reference is made above, or in which accounts of 
this infestation will be found, see :—‘ Praktische Insekten-Kunde,’ von Dr. E. L. 
Taschenberg, part ii. p. 246; ‘Injurious Insects,’ by Vincent Kollar (Trans.), 
p. 263; ‘Europiischen Borkenkifer,’ von W. Eichhoff, p. 157; and ‘ Forst-Zoologie,’ 
von Dr, Bernard Altum, iii., ‘‘ Insecten,’’ 1. Abth. p. 224. 
