oe 
TURNIP. 
Turnip Mud-beetle. Helophorus rugosus, Oliv.=H. fennicus, 
Stephens. 
Z.C.K. 
HeLopHorus Rucosus, flying, and on leaf, nat. size; also magnified (after 
Rye); larva, and one of pair of caudal bristles, magnified. Turnip-leaves gnawed 
by beetle. 
In the past season Turnip attacks have occurred as usual to a 
greater or less amount, but not on a scale of widespread injury—as in 
1881 regarding Flea-beetle, and in 1891 regarding Diamond-back 
Moths—requiring special record; nor, excepting here and there, as in 
the case of the application of basic slag as a remedial dressing on 
leafage infested by the ‘ flea,” has there been (so far as I am aware) 
any new contribution of serviceable information as to methods of 
prevention and remedy. ‘Therefore I have only noticed in detail the 
infestation causing damage to the tops of Turnip-bulbs, and injury to 
growth and edges of leafage, caused by the so-called Turnip Mud- 
beetle, the Helophorus rugosus. 
This infestation was first reported from Inverurie, in Aberdeenshire, 
in 1889, and all the reports since have either been from Aberdeenshire 
or the immediate neighbourhood. Likewise, until the 28th of Sept., 
1894, when specimens of the grubs were also sent me showing their 
presence as injurious feeders both in the upper part of the Turnip- 
bulbs and in the leaf-stalks, the reports sent only referred to it in 
beetle state. 
The accompanying figures (magnified and life-size, or with line 
showing length) are from specimens sent with the injured material, 
and the beetle was figured from one of several picked from small 
Turnip-plants, of which two were in the act of consuming the leaf. 
On September 5th of the past season specimens were sent me by 
Mr. Robert Ironside, of Auchlossan, Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire, with 
