GAD FLIES. 127 
from three-fifths to three-fourths of an inch; the male is little if at all 
smaller than the female. 
The male has greenish eyes of one colour (that is, not striped or 
spotted). The thorax (or fore body) black brown, upper side shining, 
with five indistinct greyish-yellow stripes, and short, thick, mixed, 
brownish-black and yellowish-grey hair. The wings hyaline, yellowish- 
grey, and especially yellow towards the fore edge, the veins there of a 
bright to yellow-brown. Hinder body reddish-yellow brown, having 
above a central stripe, and tip of a darker or blackish tint, with, 
always, a triangular yellowish, or a triangular pale milk-white spot in 
the middle of the hinder borders of the first to the fifth segment. The 
second to the fourth segment with fine and short ight yellow-brown 
and whitish hair at the hinder edge. Abdomen beneath orange colour ; 
the three last segments, and a central stripe along all the segments, 
black-brown or shining black, or entirely covered with yellowish-grey 
powder. Legs black-brown; tibia (shanks) more or less yellow-brown ; 
tarsi pitch-brown. 
The female differs in the one-coloured eyes being of a bright green, 
with a coppery glow. The thorax and its appendages like those of the 
male, only brighter, and more clearly striped with grey along the back. 
The abdomen flatter, and more rounded at the end, not so pointed as with 
the male, but similarly coloured and marked; the white triangles in 
the dorsal line variable in size, and reach in the second, third, and 
fourth segments the front edge. The under side of the abdomen as 
in the male, but mostly orange only as far as the fourth segment, or 
by the side of the central stripe brown-grey, or ash-grey ; behind this 
entirely black-grey.* 
The females are noted by Dr. Brauer as ‘‘ swarming about horses, 
cattle, and deer; the males soaring in woodlands and on somewhat 
elevated meadow-ground near water, not at the summit of mountains, 
especially in close sultry weather, in sunshine after rain-storms, or in 
early morning.”’ 
The great size and the colouring of the above-described fine insects 
distinguish them perfectly from all other of our British Gad Flies, ex- 
cepting the kind now separated from them under the scientific name 
of Tabanus sudeticus, of Zeller. This is to some degree distinguishable 
from the above by its larger size, the females being from just under to 
just over an inch in length. The eyes (without cross-bands) are not 
bright green or greenish as in lovinus, but blackish or blackish-brown, 
with a coppery glow, and the hinder body is only orange-coloured for 
* For full description see ‘‘ Die Zweifliigler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien,” 
yon Prof. Dr. Friedrich Brauer, pp. 105-216 of ‘ Denkschriften der Kaiserlicher 
Akademie der Wissenschaften,’ Zweiundvierzigster Band, Wien, 1880 (7. e. Trans- 
actions of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna, forty-second volume). 
