WARBLE AND BOT FLIES. 135 
especially with regard to Scottish red deer, and to some extent in the 
case of those from English parks, but not so badly as with the 
Scottish pelts. 
It was also observed that the warble-perforations were of two sizes, 
those in the roe deer pelts being smaller than those in the red deer. 
This would appear to point to there being two kinds of Warble Fly 
present, and further observations on this point would be of useful 
interest, for, in what I believe is our most recent authoritative list of 
British Diptera * (two-winged flies), mention is only made of one 
species of these Deer Warble Flies as being present in Britain. This 
is the Hypoderma diana, of Brauer, and is known to attack the roe 
deer on the Continent; this species and also the Hypoderma actaon 
attack the red deer, but, so far as I am aware, we have no information 
as to what species of fly it is which causes the great damage (alluded 
to further on) by the great number of small perforations it causes in 
erub state, and this would be a useful as well as interesting point 
to learn. 
In regard to fallow deer.— The following note is from Mr, 
Christopher Chouler, gamekeeper to His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, 
at Dalkeith Park, Midlothian, whom I was recommended to apply to 
as about the best authority in Scotland on this subject. Mr. Chouler 
wrote :—‘‘ I may say that I have been at Dalkeith twenty-one years. 
At first the deer numbered nearly six hundred, latterly they have been 
considerably reduced, and during that time have never seen any 
troubled with warble, but have occasionally taken the maggot out of 
my cow, which grazes with the deer. I have never known the warble 
attack fallow deer, but I recollect once seeing a skin of the red deer 
much damaged by them.’’—(C. C.) 
In reference to the roe deer, the following remarks, for which I am 
obliged to Mr. J. Bell (gamekeeper), Drumlanrig Park, Thornhill, 
Dumfries-shire, N.B., show the warble attack not to have been to an 
extent noticed in what hides came under observation locally, though 
from other notes taken from inspection of general collection of hides, 
warble attack is found to exist with us on the roe deer. Mr. Bell 
remarked :—‘‘I will not go the length of saying that roe deer are not 
affected with warbles in Scotland, but I must confess that I never 
noticed it. I have also asked some of my assistants here, one man 
especially, who has skinned a very large number in his time, but they 
also say that they never saw it. 
‘‘Had my attention been called to this matter a few years ago, it 
could have been very easily investigated, as we had then a large number 
* «List of British Diptera,’ by G. H. Verrall, Fellow of the Entomological 
Society. London, 1888, 
