INJURY CAUSED BY TICKS. 149 
extends up into the fore-quarters ; they are more frequently found on 
the buck than on the doe. 
‘«The damage is done by bites, which do not appear to go through 
to the flesh-side; and it is found, when the skin is dressed, that there 
is a poorness and unevenness in the leather. But as it very seldom 
extends through, it appears therefore that the insect derives its 
sustenance from the hair-side of the skin, unless it has a fine piercer 
to puncture the pelt; but no hole can be perceived in the pelt, and 
nothing on the flesh-side observed to denote that any damage has 
been done. 
‘«There are many of the largest English deer-parks, in which fallow- 
deer are more domesticated and well looked after, where this insect is 
never seen.”’ 
With regard to Tick-presence on red deer, the further information 
was added, ‘‘ that in the case of the Irish red deer the hair-sides of 
some pelts are ‘ Tick’ (not Bot) marked all over.” —(R. & J. P.) 
Of course various kinds of Ticks may be present, but the so-called 
‘* Dog Tick,” Iwodes ricinus, is known to be found on deer, as well as 
many other animals; and in Prof. Beneden’s remarks on this species 
he particularizes the roebuck as being sometimes badly infested by it. 
*‘ Some years ago it was propagated in an extraordinary manner on 
roebucks in the woods of the Duke of Arenburg, in the environs of 
Louvain.’’ * 
The following notes on presence of Ticks on dogs in Calcutta were 
sent me on the 20th September (1895), from Calcutta, by Dr. Spooner 
Hart, who was then favouring me with information regarding the 
presence of the Indian Forest Fly on horses and dogs; and in their 
careful detail they will be found of serviceable interest for this country 
also. Dr. Hart wrote :— 
‘‘ During certain seasons of the year dogs in Calcutta and other 
parts are infested with hundreds of what we call‘ Ticks.’ There are 
two [forms] of them, and they exist on the skin, more or less mixed 
up together, during the same season of the year. I am sending speci- 
mens of them by the same post. 
**Qne sample, you will observe, is encased in a tough lead-coloured 
covering, with the legs projecting, and it crawls along but slowly.+ 
The other sample, to the naked eye, is perhaps somewhat like the bug. 
The former, as you will see, grows to a great size. It buries its head 
deeply into the skin of the dog, and it requires quite a little pull to 
detach it ; and when trod upon they go off pop, and are found to be 
* «Animal Parasites,’ &c., by P. J. van Beneden, Professor at the University of 
Louyain, p. 142. 
+ This is the swollen female, the flat bug-like form corresponding with description 
of male ‘Tick. 
