CODLIN MOTH. 5 
destroyed. This should be done as soon as possible, if it is to do 
much good; and jarring or shaking the boughs of trees which are 
apparently much infested on to cloths, answers well, for thus a good 
proportion of the infested Apples can be gathered up before the grubs 
have time to get away, and the fruit can be thrown at once to wet 
manure or destroyed in any convenient way. In orchard-growing on the 
very large scale of U.S.A. cultivation, it has been found to answer well to 
feed sheep and pigs on the ground. These are supplied with requisite 
amount of dry food, and from the destruction of the maggots and 
trampling and manuring of the ground the infestation was found to be 
much lessened, and also the trees to thrive well. To prevent gnawing 
of the smaller trees, a wash of ‘‘a solution of soapsuds, whale-oil soap, 
and sheep manure was applied once a month, and water also given.’’* 
In this country the water might or might not be needed. 
But though destroying the fallen Apples gets rid of a great deal of 
infestation, it does not help us with regard to the caterpillars that go 
down to the ground by threads, and creep up the Apple trunks, or 
creep down to the trunk from unfallen Apples on the twigs. For this 
we need various methods of treatment of the bark, and the first in 
order are those for trapping or stopping the maggots on their ascent 
(or on their journey down the tree). A very simple plan recommended 
by the late Prof. Riley, Entomologist of the U.S.A. Department of 
Agriculture, was to wind a hay-rope in three coils round the trunk of 
the tree at a little distance from the ground, and to apply other hay- 
bands also to the larger branches. The hay-band was fastened as 
tightly as it could be pulled; and Prof. Riley’s rules as to its applica- 
tion were as follows :—“ First, the hay-band should be placed around 
the trees by the 1st of June, and kept on till every Apple is off the 
tree ; second, it should be pushed up or down, and the worms or 
chrysalids crushed that were under it, every week or at the very least 
every two weeks” [this appears to me very important, H. A. O.]; 
‘‘ third, the trunk of the tree should be kept free from rough old bark, 
so as to give the worms no other place to shelter; and, fourth, the 
eround itself should be kept free from rubbish.” + 
The point of the above treatment is—have the bands for trapping 
the maggots placed early enough, and clear out all that are captured 
soon enough; and remove all other shelters, so that the maggots have 
(so to say) no choice but to resort to those which can be kept under 
observation. 
With a similar object, banding the trees, as especially recommended 
by Mr. Frazer Crawford, may be carried out in various ways, as 
* See detailed account, by Mr. J. S. Woodward, in ‘New York Weekly Tribune’ 
for June 9th, 1880, quoted at length by Mr. L. O. Howard, p. 96 of his paper 
previously referred to. 
+ See Mr. L. O. Howard’s Report, previously referred to, p. 100. 
