CODLIN MOTH.—APPLE SAWFLY. 9 
machines, are being so constantly improved, and they are in such num- 
bers before the public, that it is unnecessary to enter on them here. 
One other point remains on which I had especial enquiry last 
summer, namely, What are the parasites of the Codlin Moth, and can 
they be utilized? The reply to this is that there are several kinds of 
ichneumon flies well known (and figured in various of the standard 
papers on this attack), and which occur in Europe and also in 
America,* and which do (or may do) some good to us in lessening 
amount of Codlin Moth, but there does not seem to be any probability 
that they can be artifically utilized, any more than the various carni- 
vorous beetles which prey on the Codlin Moth caterpillars if they get 
opportunity of finding them unsheltered. 
Our only really available remedies against this infestation appear 
to lie, 1st, in destroying infested Apples; 2nd, in trapping the cater- 
pillars and destroying their shelters; and 8rd, on being well on the 
alert at the time of the blossoming of the Apple, and by careful 
spraying preventing the very beginning of the attack. 
The only other Apple infestation which we have in this country 
which I believe can be at all confused with that of the Codlin Moth 
is that of the Apple Sawfly, of which I append a figure to show 
that the method of attack to the young Apple is different, and also 
that the sawfly caterpillars may, with the help of a common hand 
magnifying-glass, be easily distinguished by its greater number of 
sucker-feet from that of the Codlin Moth. 
HopLocaMPA TESTUDINEA.—F'emale sawfly and caterpillar, magnified, with lines 
showing nat. size, after Prof. J. O. Westwood; also caterpillars, nat. size, and 
infested Apples. (For description and life-history see Fifteenth and Sixteenth 
Reports on Injurious Insects, by Editor.) 
* In Europe, Phygadeuon brevis, Gray., Pachymerus vulnerator, and Campoplea 
pomorum, Ratz; in America, Pimpla annulipes, Br., and Macrocentrus delicatus, 
Cresson. See ‘ Praktische Insekten Kunde,’ Dr. EH. L. Taschenberg, pt. iii. p. 230; 
paper by L. O. Howard, previously quoted, p. 94, and other writers. 
