40 CORN AND GRASS. 
this thick fleshy larva, and its usual position,—that is, lying on one 
side, and more or less curved. In colour it is of a dirty white, with a 
rusty shining head, and three pairs of pale rusty legs; the terminal 
portion of the body is inflated, and tinted with grey or bluish colour, 
from the collection of food within showing through the skin. When 
full-grown the grubs go deep down into the ground—even as much as 
two feet—to turn to the pupal state, from which they come up as 
chafer-beetles in the fourth summer after they were hatched. 
For getting rid of both of the above attacks in beetle state, the 
best treatment is to shake or beat them down on to cloths and destroy 
them; or with the Rose Chafers, where the infestation is more in 
reach, hold something below, and tap the blossoms so as to induce the 
beetles, which are easily alarmed, to fall. An especially useful vessel 
for this purpose has been found by Mr. Newman during attack on the 
Roses in his own garden to be a small fish-can: ‘In case they are 
lively the lid is shut down on them.”’ For these beetles evening is 
the best time for clearing them, as then they are sluggish. With the 
Cockchafer also, the beating down should be done when the beetles are 
most torpid, as early in the morning, or on raw ungenial days. 
How to get rid of the grubs in grass-land is still a difficulty which 
we need further information about; and even amongst field crops, 
where the land is more open, we can do but little against them, except 
such palliatives as not allowing the larger wild birds, which will seek 
them greedily, to be driven off, and when the ground is empty, well 
disturbing it to throw them out to wild birds, pigs, fowls, hand-picking 
by children, or weather influences. 
Even from the United States of America, where we find constant 
help in keeping injurious insects in check, the most recent information 
regarding a beetle very similar in its habits only gives us the following 
from the well-experienced writer :— 
‘Frequent rotation and fall’? [autumn] “ploughing are to be 
recommended; and where grass-lands are infested, heavy top-dressings 
of kainite and nitrate of soda have proved beneficial. “© Wherever 
ploughing is done in infested fields, chickens should be encouraged to 
follow in the furrow, and pick up the grubs.’”’—(‘ Economic Entomo- 
logy,’ by John B. Smith, Se.D., Professor of Entomology, Rutger’s 
College; J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1896.) 
