48 CORN AND GRASS. 
In the above notes it will be seen that allusion is made to the same 
attack occurring in Wheat, which is of serviceable interest to note, as 
though Wheat is not as liable to this kind of Kelworm infestation as 
Oats, still it can be affected by it; and in the following notes, with 
which I was favoured by Mr. Clare Sewell Read, from Honingham 
Thorpe, near Norwich, he also draws attention to failure of his Wheat 
being in all probability from this cause; but, though this is very 
likely, as I did not see the specimens at the time, I cannot speak with 
certainty. 
The notes are of much interest in showing how, when Kelworm 
attack is once established, its appearance may keep on recurring over 
a long series of years whenever crops subject to it are put in. 
The first note with which Mr. Clare Sewell Read favoured me was 
on June 20th, as follows :— 
«‘ You may possibly remember examining for me some samples of 
Cow-grass Clover, which you said were damaged by Eelworms. That 
was two or three years ago, and now on the same field the Oats are 
seriously damaged, and I am wondering whether it is done by the 
game insect. I enclose you a few specimens, and shall be greatly 
obliged by you telling me what is the matter, for the Oats are half 
spoiled; some stems being four feet high with a bold ear, and the next 
plant injured as you see by the enclosed.” 
The specimens showed presence of ‘Tulip-root” disease very 
plainly. Some of the plants had very marked growths of the pale 
stunted or curved-back shoots at the more or less swollen base of the 
stem, and some of the upright shoots were also distorted. Kelworms 
were present in small numbers in the dead inside of some of the 
swelled bases of stems; but where the swelled portion was still alive, 
they were to be found in great numbers. 
On June 27th Mr. C. 8. Read wrote me further, enclosing some 
more specimens of diseased Oat plants, which proved to be excellent 
examples of ‘“ Tulip-rooted” and ‘‘Segged”’ Oats, and also enclosed 
an ear of the uninjured Oats, to show the great difference in condition. 
He also observed :— 
“‘T may state that I believe one-fourth of the plants are totally 
destroyed, and are withered away; one-fourth are like those I send; 
one-fourth are partially injured, and the rest have escaped entirely : 
so that instead of a full crop of ten quarters which I ought to grow of 
Black Oats, I shall not harvest more than four or five quarters. I 
ought to have consulted you months ago, but all our Oats are so 
ragged and thin, that I did not think anything serious was the matter ; 
and we say of Oats that they have ‘as many lives as a cat.’” 
On August 7th Mr. Read wrote me that since he had become 
acquainted with EHelworm attack, he had discovered their ravages 
