60 DEER. 
Deer Forest Fly. Lipoptena cervi, Nitzsch; Lipoptera cervi, 
Von Siebold and Loew.* 
LIpopTERA CERYVI, with wings thrown off; also still retaining wings; and wing: all 
much magnified. Line shows natural length. 
During the summer of 1895 much attention was directed to Hippo- 
bosca equina, our long known Forest Fly, the special pest of Horses 
and cattle in the New Forest, Hampshire, relatively to that locality 
being selected as the scene of the autumn military mancuvres, and 
information as to the habits and measures of prevention of attack of 
the pest being therefore needed to save possible trouble with the 
cavalry Horses. 
With this need, temporary attention was aroused, and then passed 
away; but we gained, meanwhile, a good deal of information re- 
garding the habits of the fly, and localities; likewise regarding some 
peculiarities of the structure of the foot not previously observed { ; and 
also methods of prevention of attack found serviceable in the Forest 
district. 
But, further, consequently on this investigation, the attention of 
Mr. Dugald Campbell (Strathconan Forest, Muir of Ord, Ross-shire, 
N.B.), to whom I have been previously much indebted for observations 
of Deer Fly infestations, was more particularly directed to the attack 
of another kind of Forest Fly prevalent in that part of Scotland, and 
troublesome to the Red and Roe Deer. 
This fly is also one of the family of the Hippoboscide, but differs 
from the genus Hippobosca in various ways, and especially (so far as 
is known, or at least generally supposed, at present) in the females 
* For list of synonyms, and of slight alteration of letters in the generic name, 
with reasons of preference of Lipoptera rather than Lipoptena, see pp. 61, 62. 
+ See plates and descriptions in my Nineteenth Annual Report.—Ep. 
