82 FLIES. 
breeding-places (as well as horse manure) of M. domestica, would, if 
their views are right, save us a great deal of trouble; and (in especial) 
attention would be well bestowed on garbage thrown to ash-pits, or 
after the periodical throwing to garden accumulations of the scullery 
door receptacle for kitchen rubbish, of the rotting contents. 
As a preventive of direct attack of flies to horses’ ears, eyes, &c., we 
often in the country see a good branch of green leaves fastened above the 
head, and apparently answering well; and on May 19th Dr. Hart, writ- 
ing to me regarding these pests, remarked that ‘‘ phenyle-water, when 
freshly put upon the body, would keep the flies away’; and also that 
‘the close eye fringe is all that is required, if the owner will look after 
it and keep it clean and in proper order.” 
Of this fringe Dr. Hart kindly sent me a sample. This was about 
thirteen inches long by nine and a half inches deep, and was formed 
of about seventy-six hanging strands of white cord, each an eighth of 
an inch across or rather more. The heading which secured these 
together was about an inch in width, and though quite flexible, so as 
not to hurt the Horse, very firm, thick, and durable, and, as far as I 
could make out, hand-worked over a foundation; each stitch of the 
lowest row being worked in between the strands of the fringe, so as to 
alternate with them, kept them firmly placed, and being overcast in 
red, with a dark blue line above, gave a very neat appearance. A 
loop of the soft but strong white cord was left at one end of the 
horizontal heading, and two loose ends at the other, for securing the 
fringe in place, and each of the hanging strands being not cut so as to 
be fuzzy at the ends, but of one cord doubling up on itself at the 
extremity, so as to form a firm-ended double-stranded cord, the 
whole thing was very strong and durable, and apparently admitted of 
washing. Also, even to the tender human skin, it was no annoyance 
when placed across the forehead for the fringe to hang over the eyes. 
For garden capturing of flies, together with wasps and various 
other insects, on a large scale, a trap formed of two “ hand-lights”’ 
set one on the other, and the lowest raised just a little above the 
ground by each of its corners being placed on a brick set on its side, 
answers well. The glasses being square-sided, with pointed tops, 
give a very convenient shape for the work. The finger-hole in the top 
of the lowest must of course be left open to allow access from it into 
the upper one, of which the finger-hole must (of course) be closed to 
prevent exit. This is easily done with a bit of moss, and moss also 
is a very convenient way of plugging any openings where the lower 
edge of the upper glass rests on the slanting sides of the top of the 
lower. The trap is then all ready, and only needs a little fruit, or 
whatever it is thought may best attract what may be wished to be 
captured, to be thrown beneath it. In this way insects are attracted 
