88 LEAFAGE CATERPILLARS. 
it was considered by Mr. Cameron (from whom I quote the above *) 
that the eggs were laid in the autumn, and probably remained un- 
hatched till May of the following year. I have not had opportunity of 
giving a figure of this species ; but just as some sort of guide merely 
to appearance, my figure of the Apple Sawfly (p. 9) shows the length 
of this kind, and also size of the fly by the lines, and also the general 
shape. The fly of H. serotinus is shining black. 
On June 2nd Mr. P. Chasemore, writing from Ashleigh, Horsham, 
Sussex, regarding the infestation which was destroying the Oak- 
leaves, observed :— 
‘‘In West Sussex it has, during the last few weeks, in many parts 
made the woods look more like November than May, and I cannot but 
think that it will cause a considerable amount of damage to the Oak 
trees that are so seriously denuded of leaves. As an estate agent, I 
am anxious to know if there is any means of killing the chrysalis that 
they now appear turning into? Whilst timber measuring yesterday, 
I saw on one large Oak tree apparently thousands on the trunk, 
covered by a thin web.” 
This quite agrees with the description of the habits of the cater- 
pillars of the little Oak Tortriz Moth, which in regular course roll up 
the ends of tle leaves into a kind of cylinder for a shelter during 
pupation; but if, as in one of these devastating attacks, they have 
already devoured the leafage which should have been their protection, 
then instead they take shelter in the crannies of bark on the stems or 
boughs, and there turn to brown chrysalids, secured under the threads 
which they have spun. 
On June 2nd Mr. Chasemore wrote further :—‘‘ Now that the 
wretched caterpillars have cleared off all the Oak-leaves in one wood, 
they are beginning to eat the Hazel underwood.”’ 
On June 8th Mr. G. B. Buckton, F.R.S., of Weycombe, Hasle- 
mere, Surrey, remarked:—‘ For miles round this parish the Oaks are 
leafless; whole districts appear as if fire had gone over the trees.” 
He appended a note, ‘*. .. Tortrix viridana and a small geometer.”” Mr. 
T. P. Newman, of Hazelhurst, Haslemere, also writing from the same 
neighbourhood, noted, on June 10th, ‘* We have had the Oaks stripped 
by larve of the Winter Moth for miles.” 
The following carefully detailed notes, with which I was favoured 
on May 25th by Messrs. John German & Son, of Ashby de la Zouch, 
regarding treatment of a valuable avenue of Lime trees under their 
care, are of very useful interest, as showing two important points : 
one, that if once the Winter Moth attack has become established, it is 
very difficult to get rid of it again; the other, that though (as we 
know) sticky bands must demonstrably lessen amount of infestation, 
* See work referred to, vol. i. pp. 277-278. 
