100 LEAFAGE CATERPILLARS. 
down-embedded eggs on the twigs, and especially on Plum twigs, in 
the month from which they take their name. 
It is these successions and uncertainties of appearance, besides 
some occasional peculiarities in methods of transmission, which cause 
failures even in the most carefully carried out methods of grease- 
banding. Nothing could have been more carefully and systematically 
managed than that of Messrs. German (see p. 89), yet it was only 
partially successful. Conjecturally the washing off of the grease by 
the heavy rain gave a period of unprotected free passage, of which the 
moths availed themselves. Conjecturally also the high wind assisted 
in carrying many pairs to the boughs of the trees, a difficulty in the 
way of perfect prevention of infestation of the female moth which the 
habit of the winged males of flying with them at pleasure to boughs 
or twigs appears impossible to meet on forest trees or orchard trees of 
high growth. In this matter late pruning and burning all the pruned 
off-shoots is a very good practice, because the Winter Moth is con- 
sidered to lay her eggs by preference towards the ends of the shoots ; 
therefore where these are cut off and burnt, when the chief laying 
season is over, which might be put about the middle of December, 
much infestation is got rid of. 
In the course of previous observations with which I was favoured 
by Mr, C. Lee Campbell, of Glewstone Court, Ross, he mentioned 
relatively to this method of destruction of Winter Moth eggs :— 
‘‘T have found that an enormous proportion of the eggs are de- 
posited at the end of every branch pruned in the autumn, as much as 
fifty eggs being found on one branch. At a moderate calculation my 
men have thus destroyed some 6,000,000 eggs on 5000 to 6000 pyramid 
fruit trees within the past months, in addition to a very large number 
caught through greasing the stems.”’—(C. L. C.) 
In what I may truly call an enormous collection of trimmings from 
Pear trees (the result of three men’s work during three hours, sent me 
a little after the 10th of March, a few years ago, by Mr. C. Lee 
Campbell), it was made very plain that the moths particularly selected 
the little furrow between the wood and the bark where shoots had 
been cut back, for egg-deposit; at the truncated end of these cut-back 
twigs, or small boughs, the Winter Moths had laid their eggs in such 
numbers that the little specks could be seen with the naked eye, 
arranged so as to form a ring more or less scattered just inside the 
bark, which had healed since pruning, and so made an outside line of 
protection to the eggs. 
Many different methods of treatment have been advised by different 
writers, such as skimming the surface of the ground to get rid of the 
chrysalids, or jarring caterpillar-infested trees to make the grubs fall; 
but there does not seem to be any one of these measures so generally 
