PARIS-GREEN. 101 
approved of and adopted for a preventive of Winter Moth infestation 
as grease-banding. But where this has failed, or not been properly 
tried, or, which is very likely or is almost certain to happen, there is 
infestation of other kinds of caterpillars on the leafage of which the 
egg-laying moths have come on the wing, then our resources lie 
almost entirely in sprayings to poison their food, or to kill them by 
external application. 
We need an application which can be brought to bear at once, and 
which will destroy the caterpillars without hurting the leafage, and 
for this purpose spraying with a very weak mixture of Paris-green 
answers well as a means of poisoning the grubs internally (by means 
of their food), or kerosene emulsion (see p. 98) acts well from the 
outside. Dr. John B. Smith, in his recent work (previously quoted 
above), says of this application at p. 442:—‘‘ Among the contact 
poisons none ranks higher than kerosene, either pure or made into an 
emulsion with soap. Pure kerosene is fatal to almost all insects; it 
is extremely penetrating, and works its way through the spiracles into 
the body cavity, and through the trachea into all parts of it. This 
results in the prompt choking of the insect.”—(J. B. 8.) As noted 
at p. 99, the strength of the mixture should always be tested, or 
irreparable damage may very rapidly be done on a large scale. 
With regard to Paris-green, the great amount of successive obser- 
vations which have been published on the details of its application 
make it quite impossible to enter on them at length here, so I only 
endeavour to give some of the most important points, but will be 
happy to reply to any enquiries to the best of my power. 
For liquid application.—The amount recommended for spraying for 
Codlin Moth or young “looper” caterpillar is ‘‘not more than from 
2 to 4 ozs. in 40 (forty) gallons of water, or $ to 4 0z. in a pail of 
water’’ [4 gallons, E. A. O.], ‘‘ to be applied as a fine spray by means 
of a force-pump. The foliage must not be drenched, but the spray 
should only be allowed to fall upon the trees until it begins to drop 
from the leaves. First mix the Paris-green separately with a small 
quantity of water, then add to it the whole supply. All washes con- 
taining Paris-green must be constantly stirred to keep it in suspension, 
or it will sink to the bottom.” 
In the observations sent me during special experiments at the 
Toddington Fruit Grounds by the superintendent, Capt. Corbett, he 
remarked: ‘‘The proportions I fixed upon after the first trials, viz. one 
ounce to ten gallons of water for Plums, and one ounce to twenty 
gallons of water for Apples, must not be eaceeded; even with these 
proportions I think the ends of the leaves in some cases have been 
scorched.”’ 
Dr. J. Fletcher, Entomologist of the Experimental Farms of the 
