136 PINE. 
most part exit holes of the Pine Beetles which had been developed within, 
in some cases entrance perforations of the parent beetle. On splitting 
off the bark from the wood beneath, which was easily done from the 
destructive amount of larval workings between the two, I found the 
mother galleries, with side workings from them, clearly defined, and 
also a very large amount of workings, quite irregular in their various 
directions, consequently on the crossing or interlacing of the course of 
the larval galleries. The appearance was so excellently conveyed in 
the figure (p. 185) given by the high forester, Herr Hichhoff, in his 
valuable work on Bark Beetles, that I copy a portion of it with 
acknowledgment of the source, as an authoritative representation, such 
as Herr Hichhoff’s, is of great importance for reference. 
The figure below shows one of the large galleries tunnelled out by 
the mother beetle, along each side of which (in favourable circum- 
Beetle and larval galleries. 
stances) she lays her eggs; the maggots which hatch from these 
working away from the mother gallery in such regular order as to 
form, where there is room for their operations, a feather-like figure, 
as shown in my own little sketch. But commonly, where there is 
much infestation, the galleries become confused together, as shown in 
Herr Hichhoft’s figure. 
On examining the slabs of wood sent me on March 10th, though 
there were galleries in plenty, I could not find any of the makers of 
them present. There were maggots of some kind of two-winged fly, 
presumably living on decaying matter. These were yellowish white, 
long, and worm-like in shape, legless, and furnished with small 
heads,—in fact, much resembling larvee of some species of Sciara. 
