PINE BEETLE. 139 
an inch long, also with the beetle within, and also with no second 
perforation observable. 
In another, one and one-eighth inch long, there were two per- 
forations, one at each end, and the beetle so very active as to show 
the necessity of precaution against escape where the preventive 
treatment of cutting off the infested shoots is adopted. 
Another tunnel, about an inch long, open at each end, was vacant; 
in another, with the beetle within, the tunnel was worked so com- 
pletely to the outside bark that the strength of the shoot at this part 
was quite gone, and the Pine leaves (needles) above had lost their 
healthy colour. 
One of the shoots which showed the worst attack was six and a 
half inches long, and contained three burrows,—one starting at the 
base; one at the extremity, which was killed, brown and leafless; and 
another about midway between the two. In this case the attention of the 
most casual observer would have been attracted to the sickly yellow 
and stunted growth of most of the leafage, this increasing from the 
two or three moderately healthy pairs of needles at the base up by 
way of the quite stunted yellow needles to the bare destroyed top. 
Another thicker shoot of five and a quarter inches in length gave a 
most interesting example of destruction. This, to general observation, 
appeared, when split along the centre, to be tunnelled (excepting one 
length of about a quarter of an inch) throughout, but on examination 
the mischief consisted of a series of galleries formed by different 
beetles along the shoot, the terminal part being completely killed by 
the gallery within being hollowed away and the beetle gone. In 
another shoot there were similarly three galleries, two with a beetle 
within; and in another the beetles appeared not to have calculated 
accommodation before beginning perforation. This shoot was a 
vigorous growth, fully half an inch in diameter, and in one case the 
two galleries had been begun so near, that the respective owners were 
within about half an inch of each other.—(H. A. O.) 
I do not think it is possible to have better examples of presence of 
breeding grounds below Fir bark, and non-presence of H. piniperda 
larve in them in the winter; also of presence of the Pine Beetles in 
Pine shoots in autumn than those furnished, respectively, by Mr. 
Melvin and Mr. Lambert; and joined to this, and also to the reports 
of the correspondents of ‘The Scotsman,’ respectively from Mr. 
Robinson, Forfar, and ‘“‘Entomologist,’”’ we have the evidence of the 
great attacks observed in Forfarshire, Montrose. and Redditch, Wor- 
cestershire, following in the track of severe gales, and in the northern 
counties named also of such severe winter weather as caused injury to 
the trees. Thus altogether we have such broadscale proof of the 
infestation under consideration following, as has long been held from 
