4 APPLE. 
them, the exact spot for deposit (in instances recorded) being just 
below the calyx. In a series of special observations of the habits of 
these flies, in which they were first noticed on the 14th of May, the 
caterpillars were found to be hatching out, on the 28th of the same 
month. 
The maggots are pale in colour, and when quite young, that is, 
when still only about an eighth of an inch in length, the head, and 
also the plate above the tail, is dark or black; but presently these are 
moulted off, and when the caterpillars are full grown, that is, about 
half an inch in length, they are mottled or creamy in colour, with the 
head pale chestnut, and the plate above the tail and the cross-band 
immediately preceding mottled with grey, and the three first segments 
(as in the case of the Codlin Moth caterpillars) have each a pair of 
claw or jointed legs. The next segment is legless; and then comes 
the marked distinction between the two kinds of attack under con- 
sideration. The fifth to the tenth segments of the Sawfly caterpillars 
have each a pair of sucker-feet, making six pairs in all, so that with 
the pair at the end of the tail (which is possessed by the Codlin Moth 
also), the Sawfly caterpillar has twenty feet in all, whilst the Codlin 
Moth caterpillar has only sixteen. A comparison of the figures of the 
two caterpillars will show this distinction clearly. 
HopLocaMPA TESTUDINEA.—Female Sawfly and caterpillar, magnified, with lines 
showing natural size, after Prof. J.O. Westwood. Injured Apple and caterpillar, 
natural size. 
The history of the attack of the Sawfly, given shortly, is that the 
caterpillars hatch in the very young (embryo) Apple, and as this grows, 
they grow, and feed within, and thereby cause much damage (see figure 
above), not only to the fruits in which they were hatched, but some- 
times to other neighbouring fruits, to which they have the power of 
straying at pleasure. The injured Apples are not so regularly tunnelled 
as in the case of damage from Codlin Moth caterpillars. There are, 
or may be, tunnels, but also (see above figure) much of the inside of 
