APPLE SAWFLY. 5 
the little Apple may be eaten away, thus causing a rough, blackened 
cavity with decaying surface. 
When the caterpillars are full grown they drop to the ground, either 
inside the falling Apple or without it; this is found going on during 
July. They then go down into the ground and form cocoons, in which 
they spend the winter, and turn to the chrysalis (or pupal) state (which 
appears to be of very short duration), from which the Sawflies develop 
at the time of the opening of the Apple blossoms in the following year. 
The Sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea, scientifically, has the body 
yellow or reddish yellow beneath, and a large patch on the top of the 
head black, as also the top of the body between the wings, and the 
back of the abdomen; the other parts of the insect are chiefly yellowish. 
The wings are transparent, with the veins dark, or darker towards the 
base, and the patch on the front edge of the fore wings dark, but paler 
at the end nearest the tip of the wing. The length of the body about 
one-quarter of an inch. 
Metuops or PREVENTION AND Remepy.—One very desirable method, 
which is equally applicable to both of the above attacks, is to have the 
young fallen Apples picked up as soon as possible and destroyed, or 
thrown where the grubs, if still inside the fruit, will be killed. A 
gentle shaking of the trees is also not at all an undesirable treatment, 
as it brings down fruit (which was about to fall) under supervision, 
and thus it can be cleared away at once. 
But the point where remedial measures (for the two attacks, 
respectively) vary essentially is in the treatment requisite to get rid of 
the infestations in their winter shelters,—in one case from the bark of 
the Apple trees, in the other from the ground beneath them. 
The plan recommended for clearing Apple Codlin Moth in caterpillar 
or chrysalis stage is to spread old sacks or anything that will catch the 
scrapings round the trunk of the tree. Then begin to scrape as high 
up as there is loose bark, and also scrape and clear out cocoons from 
crevices, and also from the forks of the tree. Scrape downwards until 
the ground is reached, and then gather up the scrapings and destroy 
them. After scraping the tree, a wash should be applied to kill any 
caterpillars or chrysalids that may have remained in crevices in the 
bark. For this purpose a wash with a basis of soft-soap, with any 
insect deterrent mixed with it, would be sure to do good, and the 
choice may be quite left to the grower. _ The above operation may be 
carried on at any convenient time during the winter. 
For getting rid of Apple Sawfly cocoons, where the nature of the soil 
or distance of the root-fibres from the top of the ground permits, such 
treatment of the surface, as by disturbance, or removal, or by dressing, 
would open the soil to bird action, or throw the cocoons under weather 
