48 LADY-BIRD BEETLES. 
But whatever plans may be tried for prevention of attack or 
ameliorating injury, the great point of all, which needs careful atten- 
tion, is that infested Elm timber should not be permitted to lie about 
to breed beetles by thousands to fly abroad and re-infest the whole 
neighbourhood. 
Serviceable information regarding this infestation will be found in 
the following publications :— 
‘‘ Forest Protection,’ by W. R. Fisher, B.A.; being vol. iv. of 
Schlich’s ‘ Manual of Forestry.’ London: Bradbury, Agnew & Co. 
A paper by Dr. Chapman, published in the ‘ Entomologists’ Monthly 
Magazine’ for 1869, p. 126. London: Messrs. Gurney & Jackson, 
Paternoster Row, E.C. 
‘ Praktische Insektenkunde,’ von Dr. EH. L. Taschenberg, pt. ii. 
p. 240. Bremen. 
‘ Die Kuropiischen Borkenkafer,’ von W. Hichhoff, p. 148. Berlin. 
LADY-BIRD BEETLES. 
Seven-spotted Lady-bird. Coccinella septempunctata, Linn. ; 
and other species. 
Waist 
ce OK 
Coccinetim.—1, cluster of eggs; 2, egg, magnified; 3, larva, magnified; 4, line 
showing nat. length; pup»; 7, Two-spotted Lady-bird; 8, variety of same species ; 
9, Seven-spotted Lady-bird. 
The Lady-bird Beetles, and their slaty-grey, six-leeged, and yellow- 
and-searlet spotted grubs, are well known to all Hop-growers as 
rendering good service by lessening the numbers of the Hop Greén 
Fly and Lice (scientifically, Hop Aphides) on the bines to a very 
important amount; but they are not nearly so well known as they 
ought to be generally as sometimes doing equally good service in con- 
nection with common field crops as Turnips, Mangolds, &c., when 
