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PINE. 
Pine Beetle. Hylurgus piniperda, Linn. 
Hynureus PINIPERDA.—1, beetle ; 2, larva; 3, pupa,—all magnified, with line 
showing natural length of beetle; 4, Pine shoot tunnelled by beetles. 
In 1896, attention was very forcibly drawn by various correspon- 
dents to the serious amount of injury which was being caused by the 
‘Pine Beetle’? in various districts in Scotland, notably in parts of 
Forfarshire, and in the neighbourhood of Montrose, and likewise (in 
England) near Redditch, Warwickshire; this great presence of the 
pest being especially noticeable where Scotch Fir was blown over by 
the gales of recent years, and (often almost unavoidably) allowed to 
lie where it fell. These blown-over or injured trees, or the boughs 
thrown down by the gales, become the breeding-ground of the Pine 
Beetles, which propagate, and continue by successive broods to propa- 
cate yearly, between the bark and wood of the trees or boughs, in 
which the full flow of sap is thus checked, until it has become too 
dead and dry to afford sufficiently juicy food for the multitudes of 
growing maggots. 
The observations sent regarding the widely spread and great 
amount of presence of this timber pest in 1896 in absolute sequence 
