62 PINE. 
the bark, and Jays her eggs along each side of it. The maggots soon 
hatch, and each maggot gnaws its own tunnel somewhat at right 
angles to the mother gallery (see figure, p. 61), and when full fed, 
which is towards July or August, they turn to pupe at the end of their 
galleries beneath (or in) the bark, where the beetles complete their 
development, bore through the bark, thus causing the shot-like holes 
so observable in bark of infested trees, and then fly to growing shoots, 
which they tunnel and destroy, but only use as shelter, not for places of 
egg deposit. The beetles come out from the timber about the middle of 
the summer, it may be from the end of June until the end of August. 
The larva or maggot of the Pine Beetle (H. piniperda) is about a 
quarter of an inch long, fleshy, wrinkled across, and legless, largest 
in the rings behind the head (see figure 2, p. 60); the general colour 
white, but ochrey near the head, and also somewhat ochrey in tint 
towards the tail; head dull yellowish. 
The Pine Beetle is about the fifth of an inch in length; pitchy or 
