66 PINE. 
‘‘ Where the bark is more than one-quarter of an inch in thickness, 
I find that the transformation bed is always on the surface of the wood 
and immediately under the bark, and in the process of change from 
pupa to beetle the little body sinks about one-sixteenth of an inch into 
the solid wood. If the bark is over one-quarter of an inch in thickness 
I find that the grub makes its transformation bed about one-eighth of 
an inch from the outside of the bark, where it is safe from all enemies, 
and the young beetle has little trouble in cutting its way out. 
‘“‘T have found the squirrels doing good service by eating the grub 
of the H. piniperda. Hundreds of trees have been stripped of their bark 
since the month of June, but they can only find them where the bark 
is thin. When they are found under the bark, it is a pity that they 
cannot find them in the bark; as it is, I believe they have destroyed 
nearly one-half of the beetles that have been bred during the past 
summer. From twelve to fifteen feet of the lower part of the stem 
they do not touch. The squirrels thus mark the trees that are ready 
to be removed, and the bark burned.”’ 
Mr. Clark’s observations were accompanied by plentiful specimens, 
including both attacked shoots and infested bark. 
The following notes, with which I was kindly favoured by Mrs. 
Fleming Hamilton, of Craighlaw, Kirkcowan, Wigtonshire, N.B., 
refer, like the preceding observations, to injurious attack of Pine 
Beetle following on injury from the Pine woods having been blown 
down, but are of special interest as showing yet another branch of the 
subject. In this case it is the young Firs planted to take the place of 
those destroyed by the gales of wind which are being attacked. On 
October 15th Mrs. Fleming Hamilton wrote me as follows :— 
‘*T am very anxious to ask your advice about some young Fir trees 
which are being destroyed by a beetle. Some ten years ago all our 
woods were blown down by the very severe gale. We have planted 
again lately, and the Firs seemed to be going on all right till a short 
time ago, when we noticed the tops of many dying, as well as other 
branches. This was principally in Scotch Fir. . . .* On cutting 
off the affected parts, we found beetles had bored their way in and 
out at the top, thus thoroughly destroying the tree. Can nothing 
be done to destroy these pests? either painting with any solution or 
any other ways, as it seems likely to attack all the young trees in 
the plantations, a very great loss to us, just as they were beginning 
to get on.” 
On October 25th Mrs. Fleming Hamilton favoured me with speci- 
mens of the good stout Pine shoots which were being injured, together 
* Caterpillar attack was also present, presumably of Pine-bud or Pine-shoot 
Tortrix Moth, but this we did not enter on. 
