78 PLUM. 
many cases not pure white, but tinged with colour, and with the 
yellow contents of a portion of the length of the food-canal showing 
distinctly—this circumstance and some amount of wet ‘frass’’ which 
was present pointing to their having been feeding on the wood; and 
the circumstance of there being this flat chamber gnawed out of the 
solid wood, on either side of the mother gallery, and containing at an 
estimate, several (two or three) dozen grubs, does not appear possibly 
to be accounted for in any other way than by it being hollowed out 
by the gnawings of the larve. Amongst these larve I found one 
advanced to the pupal stage,—milk white, with the wing-cases folded 
beneath it. 
On July 28th, on examining the split pieces of Plum stem from 
Toddington, I found upon one which lay with the bark side uppermost 
that there were two heaps of wood-dust, one about half an inch by 
three-quarters broad, the other about five-eighths of an inch each way. 
This thrown-out wood-dust showed that there was damage going on 
from workings inside, and on splitting the piece of wood open, I found 
two parties of maggots within about two inches of each other. 
These were of different ages, whitish, and legless, and distinctly 
lobed, the head very shining white, or, in the older specimens, with a 
faint yellowish tint. Whilst still alive or quite fresh the three first 
segments appeared to me to be somewhat inflated below, and but 
slightly corrugated above; the others slightly lobed below, and much 
corrugated longitudinally above. 
In this instance the cell was a flat cavity just inside the outer 
wood, this chamber being about three-quarters by one-quarter of an 
inch in dimensions of width, and in thickness only about sufficient to 
accommodate the full-grown larve or beetles; and, as in the instance 
previously described, it was patched over the surface with the white 
fungoid formation known by writers as ‘‘ambrosia,”’ this being 
sprinkled with workings of wood-dust, or ‘‘frass’’ of wood. 
In the ease of the galleries and chambers of Xyleborus dispar, the 
wood has a blackened tint, almost as if it had been burnt with a hot 
wire, where the fungus was removed; but in those of saweseni the 
chambers were much lighter in tint, and it is also noted by Dr. 
Bernard Altum* that in his own observations he found the brood 
chambers of the saweseni and dryographus un-dyed. 
The smallest size of larva that I measured in the numerous collec- 
tion was just over the thirty-second of an inch in length ; and I found 
upwards of fourteen larve packed together in the inner part of the 
slit-like cavity, and perhaps a dozen or more besides. From the 
extreme narrowness of the chamber it was difficult to dissect out the 
specimens so as to be sure of amount of contents. 
* ¢Forst Zoologie,’ III. Insecten, p. 277. 
