84 PLUM, 
in the entrance gallery, one of them being advanced then to a pink 
colour, and a shape resembling the figure of the ‘‘nymph”’ state of 
O. lapidaria given in plate vy. of Mr. Michael’s ‘ Oribatide,’ vol. i., 
previously referred to. 
Prevention AND RemEpres.—One of the most plainly serviceable of 
these is cutting down and burning the infested portions of all trees— 
Plum, Apple, or otherwise—found to be undergoing attack, taking the 
shot-hole-like perforations in the bark and the wood dust thrown out 
as a guide, to some degree, for investigation of the nature of the 
mischief going forward within. Presumably, also, the use of what is 
called ‘‘ trap-wood ’’ would answer as well for attracting this species 
(the saxesent) as the dispar. These traps may be arranged by setting 
poles of any kind of wood that the beetles naturally frequent, with one 
end in the ground so as to keep them fresh for a while, and examining 
them every three or four weeks, and destroying them if found to be 
infested. The season for ‘‘ trapping” is March to August or September, 
or later still in the year, if examination shows infestation continuing. 
Felled trees also may be centres of spread of infestation if not looked 
to, and also stores or timber-yards near orchards may need attention 
as to infested wood stacked there. 
The mixture known in Canada as the ‘Saunders’ wash,’ and 
referred to at p. 47, preceding, could not fail to be of use. This is 
soft-soap reduced to the consistence of a thick paint by the addition of 
a strong solution of washing soda in water; ‘this, if applied to the 
bark of the tree during during the morning of a warm day, will dry in 
a few hours, and form a tenacious coating not easily dissolved by 
rain.” 
Another method of dealing with attacks of Xylebori, or ‘* Shot- 
borers,” is plugging up their entrance-holes, in regard to effect of 
which it is noted at p. 11 of Mr. Hubbard’s paper, previously quoted, 
that by closing the outlets of the galleries through the bark, or by 
spraying into them kerosine or some other noxious liquid, the con- 
tained beetles are so discomposed that they run in all directions, and 
by trampling on and crushing the young larve and eggs, and breaking 
down the exceedingly delicate fungoid growth, a state of things is 
induced in which the living insects are destroyed. 
In the same paper, at p. 18, under the head of ‘‘ Remedies,’”’ are 
the following notes, which I give at length, as the most recent obser- 
vations on the subject :— 
‘‘From what has been said of the nature of the food of these 
beetles, it is evident that any method by which the entrances to their 
galleries in the bark can be closed will effectually put an end to the 
progress of their colonies. Perhaps the best means of accomplishing 
