‘¢ TULIP-ROOT.”” 85 
this is by coating the trunks with dendroline or raupenleim. A light 
brushing or spraying of the bark with creosote or kerosine will some- 
times accomplish the same result, especially at the beginning of an 
attack. But this cannot be depended upon to permanently protect 
the trees. 
** Valuable fruit trees which have suffered injury from fire or frost 
cannot always be protected from attacks of the borers by coating the 
bark, because of the risk of injury to the buds, which must be allowed 
to grow upon the trunks. In such cases if borers enter the wood their 
holes must be plugged. An excellent method is to insert an iron wire 
as far as it will go, cut it off, and leave the piece in the hole. The 
inhabitants of colonies thus imprisoned are unable to extend their 
borings, and inevitably perish.’’—(H. G. H.) 
STEM EELWORMS. 
“Tulip-root” in Oats, ‘“Stem-sickness” in Clover, caused by 
Stem Eelworms, Vylenchus devastatrix, Kuhn. 
TYLENcCHUS DEVAsTATRIx, Stem Eelworms.—Anterior portion of female showing 
mouth-spear; and embryo in egg; all greatly magnified: anterior portion magnified 
440 times. From figures by Dr. J. Ritzema Bos. 
During the past season ‘‘ Tulip-root’’ appears to have been more 
than usually prevalent in the Oat crop. Very characteristic specimens 
of this peculiar malformation, so called from the base of the Kelworm- 
infested stem being swelled into a bulb-like or ‘ tulip-rooted” form 
(often with a number of short, swelled, and contorted shoots surrounding 
