DIAMOND-BACK MOTH. 123 
Some pieces of injured leaves were sent to show the kind of 
damage, and likewise the leaves taken together with a slice of the top 
from one Turnip. There were above fourteen in number, and most 
of them about twelve inches long. These showed much damage from 
the caterpillar gnawings, the workings being as is usual from the back 
of the leaf, so as in some cases to leave (in patches) only a film of the 
upper skin, and sometimes towards the end of the leaves they were a 
mere ragged mass composed of remains of the skin, and the veins, 
which were too hard to be eaten. 
Mr. John Milne, writing to me from Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, on 
Oct. 20th, also mentioned that the larva of the Diamond-back Moth 
had done considerable injury to the Turnip crop in the county, and 
affected the weight of the crops very considerably on some fields. 
On Sept. 1st and 4th Mr. H. E. Donne, writing from Court Green, 
Cloughton, Scarborough, mentioned that a seven-acre field of Turnips, 
of which he enclosed samples of leafage, was infested by two or more 
kinds of insects, and was beginning to turn yellow. 
Much damage was done to the leaves, of which a portion consisted 
in the lower part of the skin being eaten away, as in the case of attack 
of caterpillars of the Diamond-back Moth; and my correspondent 
mentioned that he found the caterpillars closely resembled the drawing 
of that of the Diamond-back Moth which I sent him. But in this 
instance I found a condition which looked so like the chrysalis cocoon 
mouldering away, and thus natural causes preventing recurrence of 
attack, that it may be worth while to mention it for future investiga- 
tion. 
Beneath some of the leaves there were small white patches, which 
from their size, situation, and general shape looked like the cocoons of 
the Diamond back Moth; but on close examination appeared to be 
masses of white mould, often with brown matter in the middle. The 
whole mass was easily detachable from the leaf, this showing that it 
was not a growth from the surface. So far as I could make out, it 
appeared as if from some circumstances the grub or chrysalis in the 
cocoon had died and mouldered into a brown mass, and the white 
fungoid or mould growth had developed on the cocoon into the small 
masses, looking at a glance like the still perfect cocoon. More 
examination when specimens may be more numerous might give us 
serviceably interesting information as to one method at least of failure 
of autumn continuation of propagation. 
The above notes give little more than report of observation of the 
presence of this serious Turnip pest, but are desirable to record 
relatively to possible reappearance in the coming season; and amongst 
some amount of special observation it will be seen (p. 121) that various 
kinds of Sea Gulls were again visible on the infested land, thus drawing 
