ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 109 
soon as ice is permanently off the water. When pieces of brush 
are placed in the water the fishes will deposit their whitish egg 
clusters among them. If the egg masses are removed in buckets 
of water to some place where they can be protected, the yield of 
small fishes will be greatly increased. 
Calico Bass, (Pomo.xis sparoides) and Crappie, (Pomoxts an- 
nularis). These fishes are highly recommended for ponds. They 
breed rapidly, are excellent pan-fishes, and do not disturb other 
species. The range of the calico bass is somewhat more northern 
than its near relative the crappie, with which it is often confused, 
but both species have been widely distributed by artificial means, 
and can be procured in most of the Eastern States. 
They may be kept in ponds with bass, perch, or sunfishes, thrive 
with little care and will stand rather warm ponds. If the pond 1s 
large and the water deep, the size of the fish is apt to be larger. 
Good baits for catching them, are live minnows, worms, cray- 
fish, tadpoles, and crickets ; cut bait is also effective. Both species 
are active on the line, and will take the artificial fly. 
White Perch, (Morone americana). This is mainly a fish of 
coastal waters, ascending streams to spawn. It is frequently land- 
locked in fresh-water lakes and breeds there, and has, at times, 
been common in Prospect Park lakes in New York City. It is a 
first class food-fish attaining a weight of two pounds, but the 
average fish in fresh-water is not much cver half a pound. 
It spawns from April to June among weeds and brush. The 
usual baits are available in taking it, and it will give fair sport 
with the artificial fly and light tackle. White perch in bass ponds 
are liable to annoy the latter during the nesting season. 
White Bass, (Roccus chrysops) and Yellow Bass, (Morone in- 
terrupta).—The white bass, inhabiting the Great Lakes and upper 
Mississippi region, and the yellow bass of the lower Mississippi, 
are both available for pond culture. The former has been intro- 
duced into many of the smaller lakes of New York and New 
Jersey, and has proved to be satisfactory as a pond-fish, making 
rapid growth the first year. Both species attain weights of as 
much as three pounds, take the usual baits of fresh-water fishes, 
and will rise to the artificial fly, the first being especially gamy. 
Blue-Gilled Sunfish, (Lepomis pallidus). This is the largest 
of the sunfishes. It thrives in ponds and will live in as warm 
water as any native food-fish. It attains a weight of two pounds, 
although the average is less than one pound. It is highly recom- 
mended for ponds. 
All the sunfishes are prolific, and like the basses make their nests 
