THE NAUTILUS. 69 
Patula alternata, Zonites arboreus, Z. fulvus, Vallonia pulchella, 
Suecinea obliqua, S. ovalis, S. avara, Pupa armifera, P. pentodon, 
P. corticaria, Vertigo Bollesiana, V. contracta and Carychium exiquum. 
Of Pupa armifera it is the first time I have found it in this 
County. 
The above are facts, the several questions arising concerning the 
presence of these clams here I will not answer. 
Have they worked their way from the river during compara- 
tively recent years? or are they a sort of living connecting link 
between the lake era and the present? 
Yours very truly, 
W. 5S. TEATOR. 
THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. 
BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. 
Genus Astarte, Sowerby, 1816. 
This genus contains twenty species; eight of these inhabit the 
coast of New England, from Cape Cod to Greenland, and three have 
been found south of Cape Cod, although none of them have actually 
been discovered in Rhode Island waters as yet. 
183.—Astarte castanea, Say. 
) 
N 
OYyNS. : 
Venus castanea, Say. 
Crassina castanea, Lam. Hanley. 
Crassina suleata, Brown. 
Venus sulcata, Mont., Maton and Rackett. 
Shell thick and solid, sub-orbicular; beaks elevated and much 
eroded, nearly central; lunule in front of the beaks deeply ex- 
cavated ; surface not strongly waved as in most species of the genus, 
but only slightly undulated, covered with a light-brown epidermis, 
excepting on the posterior portion, where it is almost black; hinge 
strong; ligament small; valves with one stout tooth in the right 
valve, and two in the left; margin crenulated in adult shells. 
Length one inch; height one inch; breadth 35. 
Gould says: ‘‘The foot of the animal is of a bright vermillion 
color and when seen protruded, one would hardly persuade himself 
that a red wafer was not embraced by the valves. 
