TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 85 
that has been offered for sale at the Park for feeding purposes 
has been found affected with glanders, consequently it is impor- 
tant that all horses to be used for food, and especially when 
such meat is to be fed uncooked, should be carefully inspected. 
While the disease is principally confined to the horse, ass and 
donkey, it is, however, communicable to man and many other 
animals, except the bovine species, which seem to possess a 
natural immunity. In addition to the animals mentioned, glan- 
ders has been found in the camel, lion, tiger, leopard, wolf, bear, 
doy and guinea pig. The disease in the human assumes a very 
virulent form, so that great care should be taken by keepers 
and others, in order to avoid danger from infection, through 
the innocuation of wounds on their hands and arms, after 
handling an animal dying from glanders. 
A few years ago I was consulted by the Dean of the 
Kansas City Veterinary College in reference to an acute disease 
affecting some lions belonging to an amusement company, 
located in Kansas City. As a result of the description of the 
symptoms of the affected animals, forwarded by the attending 
veterinarian, I made a tentative diagnosis of glanders, and this 
diagnosis was later confirmed by the Pathologists of the Bureau 
of Animal Industry, through the laboratory examinations of 
the tissues of the lions which had died. This outbreak had the 
following interesting history :—It appears that sixteen lions had 
been wintered a short distance from Kansas City, and had been 
fed exclusively on horse flesh. The horses purchased for the 
lions’ food were old, wornout animals, no longer fit for work. 
Glanders among horses was prevalent in Kansas City during 
that winter. About the first of April these lions were taken 
from their winter quarters and shipped to a southern Kansas 
town and exhibited for a week at a street carnival. On the 
second day of the carnival, the keeper noticed one of the lions 
was dull and listless, and on closer inspection some bleeding 
from the nostrils was observed. The next morning this lion 
appeared to be much depressed, and a local veterinarian was 
consulted. On the fifth day the lion died, the autopsy showing 
necrotic areas in the mucous membranes of the nostrils and 
some catarrhal centers in the lungs; all other organs were 
apparently normal. No diagnosis was made. 
Early in May, Drs. Moore and Kinsley of the Kansas City 
Veterinary College were consulted, and, on inspecting the lions, 
found one that had been ailing five days, and had refused food 
