34 BANGS — SUBSPECIES OF MANACUS MANACUS [P-N-E-2-C. 
description leave no possibility of a doubt as to the subspecies of 
his bird — it belonged to the white-bellied form with gray under 
tail-coverts, which is most typical in Trinidad and the Guianas. 
The other named form is Manacus gutturosus (Desm.) of south- 
eastern Brazil, characterized by slate-gray belly and sides, smaller 
size, and longer tail. 
Of the two new forms, one comes from Santarem (on the 
Amazon), Brazil, and is a strongly marked race, differing from all 
the others in having white under tail-coverts. The other is the 
bird found in Colombia, northwestern Venezuela, and probably 
thence westward and southwestward across the continent. In 
color it resembles most JZ. gutturosus, but is paler and more pearly 
gray below. It also, though the largest of the series, has the 
shortest tail, while J/. gu¢turosus, the smallest of the series, has 
the longest tail. These four forms undoubtedly intergrade with 
one another, although my material is too limited to show this 
satisfactorily. 
The four subspecies of A/anacus manacus (Linn.)' here recog- 
nized may be briefly characterized as follows. 
Manacus manacus manacus (Linn.). 
Pipra manacus Linn., ed. XII, Vol. I, p. 340, 1766 (based on the Black- 
capped Manakin of Edwards, pl. 260, pp. 107-108 —page being erroneously 
given as ‘117’ by Linnzus). 
Manacus edwardsii Bp., Consp., I, p. 171, 1850 (a synonym proposed to avoid 
the repetition of the name). 
Type locality.—“ Surinam.” 
Geographic distribution.—Trinidad, southern and eastern Venezuela, the 
Guianas, probably thence west to Ecuador and Peru (the three skins before me 
from the two latter countries are not typical). 
Color.—Adult male: Pileum, wings (except lesser coverts), interscapulars 
and tail, black ; cheeks, a broad band across cervix, throat, breast, belly and 
lesser wing-coverts, white; flanks, lower sides, anal region, under and upper 
tail-coverts and lower rump, gray; the upper tail-coverts usually stronger gray 
(about gray, no. 6, of Ridgway), the under tail-coverts and flanks paler— more 
plumbeous or cinereous; axillars and bend of wing black; lining of wing 
whitish; bill black; feet and legs yellow. 
1 Of course I treat only of the forms in which the adult male is wholly black, white and gray, 
such birds as M. candei, M. flaveola and M. vitellina not being considered at all. 
