36 BANGS — SUBSPECIES OF MANACUS MANACUS [ P-N-¥-4C. 
gutturosus, although there is a considerable average difference in 
color between the two. JZ. m. gutturosus is, however, decidedly 
smaller, and has a longer tail. Though nearest alike in color, 
these two forms are the most widely separated geographically, and 
the region between their respective ranges is occupied by the two 
white-bellied forms —JZ, m. manacus and M. m. purus. 
Manacus manacus purus’ subsp. nov. 
Type, from Santarem, on the Amazon River, Brazil, & adult, no. 120,904, 
coll. of United States National Museum, collected in May, 1883, by C. B. 
Riker. 
Geographic distribution.— Probably the whole lower Amazon region in 
Brazil. Exact limits of range unknown. 
Subspecific characters.—Adult male, similar to J/. m. manacus, except that 
the under tail-coverts are pure white, the gray on under parts being restricted 
to a small patch on the lower side and flank. The under tail-coverts of JZ. m. 
manacus are gray. Size and proportions as in JZ. m. manacus. 
Size.—Type, adult ae wing, 49.6; tail, 27.; tarsus, 20.; exposed culmen, 
9.8mm. Topotype, adult ¢ ,no. 120,903, coll. U. S. National Museum: wing, 
50.2; tail, 29.8; tarsus, 19.4; exposed culmen, 9. mm. 
Remarks —M. m. purus presents the extreme of whiteness 
below, while JZ. m. gutturosus presents the extreme of grayness. 
These two Brazilian forms stand, as regards color, at the opposite 
ends of the series of four forms of JZ. manacus here recognized. 
The white under tail-coverts of AZ. m. purus distinguish it from 
any of the other three forms, all of which have gray under tail- 
coverts. 
Manacus manacus gutturosus (Desm.). 
Pipra gutturosa Desm., Tanag. Manak. et Tod., livr. 6, fig. 58 (no plate or 
page number), 1805. 
Manacus gutturosus Bp., Consp., I, p. 171, 1850. 
Type locality.— Unknown.” 
Geographic distribution.— Southeastern Brazil. 
1 Purus — Clean, unstained. 
2 Desmarest figured a bird of this form, but evidently knew nothing of its source. 
