134 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
from the record of which I will partially quote :—‘“Carcass has the 
appearance of general anemia and marasmus. Extreme pallor 
and bloodlessness of the various mucosz with areas of congestion 
and marked infiltration and thickening. The villi are enlarged to 
several times their normal size. On the small intestine, especially, 
the ilium mucosa are deep red hemorrhagic spots, in which the 
worms, in greater or lesser numbers, are found attached by their 
mouths to the mucosa. The whole muscular system is anemic, 
soft and flabby. The blood is lacking in its rich, healthy, deep red 
color, and hydremic, with a deficiency of red globules. C&dema 
and softening of the lymph glands of the mesentery is a marked 
feature.” 
This parasite has been very prevalent during the last year or 
two among dogs kept in kennels in New York City and the im- 
mediate vicinity. Unlike the genus Ascaris, which subsists by 
absorption of the host’s intestinal contents, this parasite exists 
by extracting its nourishment directly from the host’s blood, by 
attaching itself to the mucous membrane by hook-like spikes with 
which it is provided. 
In these animals it gives rise to a fatal anemia, known as “ma- 
lignant enzootic anemia.” It is interesting to note that this para- 
site, or one closely allied, Dochmius duodenale, is the recognized 
cause of the disease in man known as ‘“‘Egyptian chlorosis.” 
Dr. Brooks has kindly given me two specimens of Dochmius 
duodenale, for comparison. These were obtained from the in- 
testine of a Puerto Rican. On microscopical examination, I was 
unable to note any characteristic differences between it and the 
parasite of the fox and coyote. 
Owing to the unsatisfactory results obtained from vermicides 
in the treatment of this parasite among domestic animals, the 
means of prevention is obviously of the greatest importance. This 
affection is one that may easily be mistaken for essential, non- 
parasitic anemia; so that in order to make an absolute diagnosis, 
a microscopic examination of the faeces should be made after the 
administration of anthelmintics, which should result in the dis- 
covery of ova of the Uncinaria. 
Leuckart has studied the evolution of the Uncinaria trigono- 
cephala, and it appears to be analogous in its general characters 
to that of the Ankylostoma of man. 
The vitellus of the ova, segments in the omits of the female 
until it reaches the larval stage: their evolution is probably not 
continued in the intestine of their host, but after their expulsion 
with the feces. The cycle is completed in the presence of suitable 
