142 . NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
Owing to the unsatisfactory results obtained from medicinal 
treatment of this disease among domestic ruminants, it is of ob- 
vious importance to prevent the spread of the disease as much as 
possible. Prophylactic measures then are the means by which we 
must expect the best results. I am of the opinion that thorough 
burning of the contaminated ranges, adequate drainage, and isola- 
tion of infected animals, will bring such outbreaks to an end. 
Diagnosis is principally based on the occurrence of the disease 
simultaneously in the majority of the herd, without apparent ex- 
posure or meteorologic cause, on the knowledge of the existence 
of the parasites in the ranges or locality, on the damp or otherwise 
favorable condition of the ranges, and on the importation of new 
animals from infected localities, and positively by the examina- 
tion of the expectoration of muco-purulent matter containing 
adult worms, embryos or eggs. 
Symptoms.—Symptoms are those of bronchial irritation. The 
cough is at first hard, but after a time it becomes more frequent, 
soft and mucous, or wheezing; the animal becomes hide-bound, 
with rough coat, absence of subcutaneous fat, stunted growth of 
antlers, progressive emaciation and weakness. The animal finally 
isolates itself, dying by asphyxiation or marasmus. 
Lesions of Verminous Bronchitis in Elk.—The trachea and 
bronchia contain an abundant frothy. muco-purulent secretion con- 
taining great numbers of wriggling filaria, which are often found 
rolled up in bundles of sufficient size as to completely fill up the 
lumen of the tube. The mucosa of the affected bronchi is usually 
congested, reddened, thickened and softened, or even desquamat- 
ing. The bronchia shows dilatations at intervals filled with the 
verminous débris, ova, embryos, and mature worms. Lobular con- 
gestion of the lungs is frequent. In advanced cases acute lobular 
pneumonia is present, while at certain other points particular 
lobules are collapsed as the result of blocking of their bronchia, 
and expulsion of the air. The body shows a general atrophied 
condition, blanched mucosa and anzmia, and loss of subcuta- 
neous fat. 
SCLEROSTOMES. 
Several interesting Sclerostomes have been found among our 
animals. 
Spiroptera megastoma ( Railliet).—Found in the small intestine 
of a clouded leopard (Felis macrocelis) from Sumatra. This 
parasite is described by Neumann as belonging almost exclusively 
to the stomach of the Equidz, where they form round promi- 
