38 BATCHELDER — NEWFOUNDLAND HAIRY WOODPECKER [Pa 
half of the feather black and not infrequently with a strong tendency to 
black barring on the distal portion. Beneath white, the under tail coverts 
occasionally showing a faint tendency toward black barring. — 
Measurements.— Fifteen adult males taken in the months of May, June 
and October, yield the following average measurements: wing, 124.9; 
tail, 84.6; culmen, 31.7; tarsus, 24.1 mm. 
Geographic distribution — The subspecies apparently occurs throughout 
all the forested parts of the island of Newfoundland. 
Dryobates villosus terrenove is much smaller than D. v. leucome- 
las, and is, of course, even more remote from it in colormg than 
from true villosus. Between it and D. v. hyloscopus and D. »v. 
monticola there is a striking resemblance in coloring, but the wide 
area — occupied throughout its extent either by villosus or by 
leucomelas — that intervenes between the ranges of these two 
Western subspecies and that of terrenove, precludes the possibility 
of immediate intergradation, while the utter dissimilarity of the 
climatic conditions of their respective habitats forbids the supposi- 
tion that like causes in environment have developed like characters; 
apparently this is a case where superficial resemblances have arisen 
entirely independently of climatic influences. Comparison with 
other subspecies of Dryobates villosus obviously is unnecessary. 
