212 



Transactions. 



was thus originally a necessity in construction has survived as a 

 superfluous decoration." * 



I. Bronze Axes. — Dumfriesshire is unrepresented in the 

 national collection by either the flat or the socketed varieties, there 

 being only one flanged specimen and three of the winged type. 

 The flanged example is a very fine specimen, and measures b\ 

 inches in length. The lower part of each face below the stop- 

 ridge is ornamented with narrow vertical grooves, and the outer 

 sides of the flanges are ornamented with a cable pattern, similar to 

 another flanged axe found near Perth and figured on page 60 of 



Fi<i. ■•?.- 



FUj. h. — Winged Axe of 

 r,ruiize, foimd at 

 Canobie. 



Flanged Axe of Broiize, omamc-nitd. 

 Found at Applegarth. 



Dr Evans' work already quoted. The Dumfriesshii-e specimen, 

 which was found at Applegarth, is shown in figure 3, and has also 

 been figured elsewhere, f 



A winged axe found at Birrenswark measures 5 inches in 

 length by 2 inches across the broadest part of the cutting edge, 

 which is semi-circular in form. The wings are of lozenge form, 

 and the stop-ridge on each face is imperfect through a flaw in the 

 casting. The bronze is of a bright yellow colour. 



* Ancient Bronze Implementa, p. 107. 



f Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Vol. XII., p. 602 ; 

 Evans, op. cit., p. GO ; Anderson, Scotland in Pagan Times, Second Series, 

 p. 19(j. 



