PRE-HISTORIC MAN IN HOLDERNESS. 77 
driven in near the edge of the lake bed,—boulder clay, as already 
explained, underlying the whole of the peat and everything con- 
nected with it. 
In the absence of implements, pottery, broken bones, or other 
similar relics, there is no positive evidence that these piles, etc., are 
the remains of an ancient habitation; but having regard to their 
present state of preservation, their peculiar splitting on drying, 
their position on the edge of the old lake bed, and their depth 
below and distance from the cliffs, it is probable that the Sand-le- 
Mere piles represent the remains of such dwelling. A look-out 
must be kept for further evidence, however.! 
Of the groups of Lake-dwellings previously mentioned only two 
have been systematically examined ; and these were investigated 
by Mr. Thomas Boynton, of Bridlington, who then resided at 
Ulrome. These were the West Furze and Round Hill habitations, 
which, however, are usually referred to as the Ulrome Lake-dwellings, 
They have been described by different writers,” and it is principally 
from their respective Papers, and an examination of the specimens 
now in Mr. Boynton’s possession, that my information in regard to 
these particular dwellings is derived. On the site of the dwellings 
there is now very little to be seen, though when I was there last a 
few of the piles and cross-pieces were visible. 
The Ulrome settlement was situated on a creek which formerly 
connected two meres. It was first discovered by Mr. Boynton in 
1880 whilst his men were cleaning out a drain. On the side of 
the drain several oak piles and other material had been thrown out, 
and also some bones which had been artificially bored, apparently 
for the insertion of a wooden handle. A careful investigation was 
then made, with the result that it was soon ascertained that a 
platform of no mean extent had been discovered, right through 
which the drain had been cut, 
At a depth of about three feet a large quantity of twigs and 
branches covered with a layer of sand and bark was reached, 
forming a floor, and this rested upon a platform composed of tree 
trunks laid together, side by side; these were of oak, ash, willow, 
birch, alder, and hazel. The diameter of the logs varied from one 
to one and a half feet, and they were from 15 to 20 feet in length. 
(1) Since the above was written, the Rev. E. M. Cole has visited Sand-le-Mere and found 
traces of Lake-dwellings in the peat. Mr. Oole, however, appears to have been more fortunate 
than myself as he found evidence of two distinct dwellings, about 260 yardsapart. He also 
noticed “trunks of trees laid horizontally, shewing the cuttings of the rude adze, and the 
piles with sharpened points binding them together.”” See the Yorkshire Post, Aug. 25th, 
Aug. 29th, and Sept. Ist, 1899, and the Antiguary, Oct., 1899, p. 292, It is satisfactory to 
have such a confirmation of the previous record. 
(2.) J. W. Davis, F.S.A., ‘* The Lake-dwellings in East Yorkshire,” Proc. Yorks. Geol. 
Soc., 1889. (2.) Dr. T. M. Evans, ‘‘ The Ancient Britons and the Lake-dwellings at Ulrome 
in Holderness,’ The Hull Quarterly, 1885. (3.) Mr. T. Tindall Wildridge, ‘‘ Lake-dwellings 
of Yorkshire” in Andrews’ Bye-gone Yorkshire, 1892; and (4.) Robert Munro, The Lake- 
dwellings of Europe, 1890, pp. 469-474. 
